About 23 percent of incoming solar energy is absorbed in the atmosphere by water vapor, dust, and ozone, and 48 percent passes through the atmosphere and is absorbed by the surface. Thus, about 71 percent of the total incoming solar energy is absorbed by the Earth system.
Answer:
- flippases translocate lipids from outer (extracellular) leaflet to inner (cytosolic) leaflet,
- floppases, move phospholipids from inner (cytoplasmic) leaflet to outer (extracellular) leaflet, ABC transporter, move phospolipids across the lipid bilayer down the concentration gradient
- scramblases Not ATP-dependent, Activation may result in increased membrane lipid symmetry, translocate phosphatidylserine, preventing apoptosis and engulfment by macrophages,
Explanation:
Flipases are transportes that require energy for their functioning (ATP dependent) beause they move phospolipids across the lipid bilayer against the concentration gradient (from extracellular side to cytosolic side).
Floppases are ABC transporters, opposite than flippases (move phospholipids from the cytosolic side).
Scrablases are bidirectional transporters, responsible for asymmetry formation. It also enables exposure of phosphatidylserineon the outer leaflet when it is necessary.
Pumping blood in and out of the heart.
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