This is an example of Precursor gene regulation (protein translation) type of eukaryotic gene regulation.
<u>Explanation:</u>
The source which breakdown proteins into smaller amino acid is pepsin and generated as top cells within stomach lining or membrane, responsible for pepsinogen emission inside stomach. It is represented as zymogen having an extra 44 amino acids linkage as its primary structure. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) releases this zymogen which is emitted from the parietal cells in the stomach lining.
Once food is consumed, the hormone gastrine and the vagus nerve cause the secretion of both pepsinogen and HCl from the stomach lining. Hydrochloric acid induces an acidic environment that allows pepsinogen to unfold in an autocatalytic manner and thus generates pepsin the active form.
Answer:
b) opening calcium pores in the membrane
Explanation:
The opening of calcium ions channels facilitates the migration of vesicles containing neurotransmitters in the pre-synaptic neurons to the tip of the post-synaptic membrane. at the <u>neuromuscular junction </u>These neurotransmitters can either be <u>cholinergic or non-chorlinergic.</u> <u>At the tip of the pre-synaptic membranes the vesicles empty their neurotransmitter contents into the synapse.</u>
The neurotransmitters, diffuse through the neuromuscular junction to bind with the receptors on the <u>post-synaptic membrane on the post-synaptic neuron.</u> This stimulates opening of<u> ligand gated sodium ions,</u> and sodium ions diffuse into the post-synaptic neuronal membrane, to cause <u>depolarization</u>. if the stimulus is up to the threshold levels it generate action potential.
Therefore , more calcium ions channels opening produces; more diffusion of neurotransmitters;leading to opening of more sodium channels for depolarization; and IPSP or EPSP generation.
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Explanation:
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The correct answer is included in the Explanation section
Explanation:
An organism with considerable more chromosomes than humans: the plant <em>Ophioglossum reticulatum</em> with 1260 chromosomes.
An organism with considerable fewer chromosomes than humans: the ant <em>Myrmecia pilosula</em> with 1 chromosome.
It might be thought that the chromosome number of a species is directly related to its complexity, meaning that an organism with a large number of chromosomes is more complex than an organism with a small number. However, this is not true. Chromosomes are structures of coiled DNA, and its number indicate how the cells wrapp their genomic material when they reproduce. The number of chromosomes is not related to the organism complexity, but rather the number of genes and their function.
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One of the common genetic disorders is sickle cell anemia, in which 2 recessive alleles must meet to allow for destruction and alteration in the morphology of red blood cells. This usually leads to loss of proper binding of oxygen to hemoglobin and curved, sickle-shaped erythrocytes. The mutation causing this disease occurs in the 6th codon of the HBB gene encoding the hemoglobin subunit β (β-globin), a protein, serving as an integral part of the adult hemoglobin A (HbA), which is a heterotetramer of 2 α chains and 2 β chains that is responsible for binding to the oxygen in the blood. This mutation changes a charged glutamic acid to a hydrophobic valine residue and disrupts the tertiary structure and stability of the hemoglobin molecule. Since in the field of protein intrinsic disorder, charged and polar residues are typically considered as disorder promoting, in opposite to the order-promoting non-polar hydrophobic residues, in this study we attempted to answer a question if intrinsic disorder might have a role in the pathogenesis of sickle cell anemia. To this end, several disorder predictors were utilized to evaluate the presence of intrinsically disordered regions in all subunits of human hemoglobin: α, β, δ, ε, ζ, γ1, and γ2. Then, structural analysis was completed by using the SWISS-MODEL Repository to visualize the outputs of the disorder predictors. Finally, Uniprot STRING and D2P2 were used to determine biochemical interactome and protein partners for each hemoglobin subunit along with analyzing their posttranslational modifications. All these properties were used to determine any differences between the 6 different types of subunits of hemoglobin and to correlate the mutation leading to sickle cell anemia with intrinsic disorder propensity.
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