Question

Which of the following is an example of an adaptation?a. In a vey wet year some plants grow unusually tall stalks and large leaves.b. over million of years, the eyes of cave salamanders lose their functions.c. An escaped dog joins a pack of wild dogs and begins interbreeding with them.d. A harsh winter kills many birds within population espacially the smallest ones.

Answer 1

Answer:

B.) Over million of years, the eyes of cave salamanders lose their function is an example of adaptation  

Explanation:

Adaptation is an evolutionary process. Under this process an animal or plant evolves to become suitable to  live in a particular habitat. The organism undergoes many changes through natural selection, such changes takes place over generations. Although scientists were discussing adaptation before 1800s, it came to limelight only after the development of theory of natural selection by Alfred Russel and Charles Darwin.

Adaption can be of three types: Behavioral, Physiological and Structural

• Structural: changes in their body parts to better suit their environment. It is visible from outside e.g Desert foxes have long ears to radiate heat.  

• Physiological: These are the changes in the functioning of th organisms body organ, it is no visible from outside.  

• Behavioral: It includes changes in the behavior as per the need of the environment.  Ex. Migration of birds to warmer winter climates and hibernation of beer to escape cold.