Question

Mary has a pink dress, a blue dress, and a yellow dress. She has a black pair of shoes and a white pair. How many dress and shoe outfits can she make?

Answer 1

There are two ways to solve this. 
The first way is logically. 
Mary can 
-wear a pink dress with black shoes   -wear a pink dress with white shoes
-wear a blue dress with black shoes   -wear a blue dress with white shoes
-wear a yellow dress with black shoes   - wear a yellow dress with white shoes

Count them up, and you'll get six combinations! 

Another way is simply mathematically, which is easier in my opinion. 

3 (different colored dresses) × 2 (different colored shoes) = 6 (combos)