Question #9

assume that life on Mars requires cell potential to be 100mV, and the extracellular concentrations of the three major species ar

svetlana [45]

Answer:

Explanation:

From the information given:

The cell potential on mars E = + 100 mV

By using Goldman's equation:

$E_m = \dfrac{RT}{zF}In \Big (\dfrac{P_K[K^+]_{out}+P_{Na}[Na^+]_{out}+P_{Cl}[Cl^-]_{out} }{P_K[K^+]_{in}+P_{Na}[Na^+]_{in}+ P_{Cl}[Cl^-]_{in}} \Big )$

Let's take a look at the impermeable cell with respect to two species;

and the two species be Na⁺ and Cl⁻

$E_m = \dfrac{RT}{zF} In \dfrac{[K^+]_{out}}{[K^+]_{in}}$

where;

z = ionic charge on the species = + 1

F = faraday constant

∴

$100 \times 10^{-3} = \Big (\dfrac{8.314 \times 298}{1\times 96485} \Big) \mathtt{In} \Big ( \dfrac{4}{[K^+]_{in}} \Big)$

$100 \times 10^{-3} = 0.0257 \Big ( \dfrac{4}{[K^+]_{in}} \Big)$

$3.981= \mathtt{In} \Big ( \dfrac{4}{[K^+]_{in}} \Big)$

$exp ( 3.981) = \dfrac{4}{[K^+]_{in}} \\ \\ 53.57 = \dfrac{4}{[K^+]_{in}}$

$[K^+]_{in} = \dfrac{4}{53.57}$

$[K^+]_{in} = 0.0476$

For [Cl⁻]:

$100 \times 10^{-3} = -0.0257 \ \mathtt{In} \Big ( \dfrac{120}{[Cl^-]_{in}} \Big)$

$-3.981 = \ \mathtt{In} \Big ( \dfrac{120}{[Cl^-]_{in}} \Big)$

$0.01867 = \dfrac{120}{[Cl^-]_{in}}$

$[Cl^-]_{in} = \dfrac{120}{0.01867}$

$[Cl^-]_{in} =6427.4$

For [Na⁺]:

$100 \times 10^{-3} = 0.0257 \Big ( \dfrac{145}{[Na^+]_{in}} \Big)$

$53.57= \Big ( \dfrac{145}{[Na^+]_{in}} \Big)$

$[Na^+]_{in}= 2.70$

6 0

2 years ago

Choose all the answers that apply.

SashulF [63]

Deltas and sand dunes form from erosion

<span>a river carrying dirt into a lake is a example of water erosion
</span>
fossils can tell us about environments

when the oceanic and continental plate collide, the oceanic plate sinks below the continental plate

a footprint is a trace fossil

<span />

8 0

2 years ago

Read 2 more answers

IN YOUR OWN WORD! What is environmental issue? write an essay!!

Damm [24]

Answer:sorry if this doesn’t help but The everyday activities of human are constantly degrading the quality of the environment which ultimately results in the loss of survival condition from the earth. Solve Questions. Write a general essay in about 200 words on

Explanation:ya

6 0

2 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Three main ingredients that are required for photosynthesis to take place

mash [69]

To perform photosynthesis, plants need three things: carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.

7 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Digestion includes breaking substances into their simpler building blocks, synthesizing more complex cellular structures from si

kicyunya [14]

Answer:

The correct answer is - false statement.

Explanation:

The statement mentioned in question explaining the process of metabolism. Metabolism is a procedure that includes catabolic and anabolic process that which are chemicals reactions takes place in the body. Metabolism is breaking large molecules into simpler and simpler molecules to synthesizing complex molecules from simpler molecules.

Digestion is the process in which ingested food break down to simpler substances and absorbed to provide nutrients to body.

Thus, the correct answer is - false statement.

8 0

3 years ago