You can look at the number of valence electrons and look at the size of the molecule itself to determine which element in this certain group is shown on the model.
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Answer: 9.18 Litres
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP). Think of this as the perfect environment where the Temp. is 0°C or 273 Kelvin and Pressure is always 1 atm. This is only true in STP.
This question uses the Ideal Gas Equation:
PV=nRT
P= 1 atm
V = ??
T = 273 K (always convert to Kelvin unless told otherwise)
n = 0.410 mol
R = 0.0821 L.atm/mol.K
What R constant to use depends on the units of the other values. (look at the attachments) The units cancel out and only Litres is left. You simply multiply the values.
Covalent bonds do not display luster; therefore, the answer to the question would be the third bullet, luster.