Answer:
The Atmosphere
Explanation:
1816 was a year without summer because the billions of tons of ash that was spewed blocked radiation preventing it from reaching the surface of the earth.
A volcano is a break in the crust of planetary bodies like Earth that allows gasses, volcanic ash, and hot lava to escape. Volcanos are one of the major factors that cause climate changes on Earth mostly because of their cooling effect.
The ash, gasses and lava usually escape to the atmospheric layer of the earth with their cooling effect. And they cool the earth by blocking incoming solar radiation. This can go on for months or years depending on the components and severity of the eruption and can lead to "a year without summer" as witnessed in 1816.
Answer:
b. Yes, the average efficiency is 10%
Explanation:
The average efficiency at each trophic level is 10% because there is about 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to another. In some trophic levels the efficiency of organisms is 20% but in most of the trophic level has 10% efficiency so that's why the average efficiency is 10%. Yes, this ecosystem obeys the Lindeman's Law for ecological efficiency due to its 10% of ecological efficiency.
Cancer cells are less likely than normal cells to undergo _apoptosis______, or programmed cell death.
Apoptosis is synonymous to programmed cell death
Explanation:
Programed cells death of the cell is required to maintain proper tissue homeostasis. Examples of when apoptosis is necessary are when a cell may have errors in its DNA replication process. Apoptosis ensures the cell does not continue dividing and generating cells with the error. Other forms of damage to a cell that is hard to repair also require that the cell undergo apoptosis.
In cancer cells, apoptosis pathway faulted and even when cells are required to undergo programmed cell death, such as in the case when lethal mutations occur, the cell continues to divide creating many cells that have the defect. This is what creates cancer tumors,
Learn More:
For more on cancer check out;
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Answer:
A trophic cascade is a side-effect when a trophic level (species) of the ecosystem is reduced or removed. Their ecological species interactions keep entire ecosystems balanced. Hence, suppressing their numbers or changing their behavior due to predation risk, results in an ecological imbalance or a trophic cascade.
Explanation:
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