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3 years ago

How light is channelled down an optical fibre

Physics

1 answer:

coldgirl [10]3 years ago

3 0

Explanation:

Suppose you want to shine a flashlight beam down a long, straight hallway. Just point the beam straight down the hallway -- light travels in straight lines, so it is no problem. What if the hallway has a bend in it? You could place a mirror at the bend to reflect the light beam around the corner. What if the hallway is very winding with multiple bends? You might line the walls with mirrors and angle the beam so that it bounces from side-to-side all along the hallway. This is exactly what happens in an optical fiber.

The light in a fiber-optic cable travels through the core (hallway) by constantly bouncing from the cladding (mirror-lined walls), a principle called total internal reflection. Because the cladding does not absorb any light from the core, the light wave can travel great distances.

However, some of the light signal degrades within the fiber, mostly due to impurities in the glass. The extent that the signal degrades depends on the purity of the glass and the wavelength of the transmitted light (for example, 850 nm = 60 to 75 percent/km; 1,300 nm = 50 to 60 percent/km; 1,550 nm is greater than 50 percent/km). Some premium optical fibers show much less signal degradation -- less than 10 percent/km at 1,550 nm.

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The formation of condensation on a glass of ice water causes the ice to melt faster than it would otherwise. If 8.55 g of conden

SSSSS [86.1K]

Answer:

m = 62.14 g

Explanation:

Energy used to melt the ice is the energy released by the condensation of the water forms on the glass

so here we have

energy for the condensation of water is given as

let mass of water condensed = m

$E = m_1 L_f$

now the energy of vaporization is given as

$E = m_2 L_v$

here we know that

$L_f = 79.8 kCal/kg$

$L_v = 580 k Cal/kg$

Now we have

$8.55 \times 580 = m \times 79.8$

$m = 62.14 g$

3 0

3 years ago

What is a passing mechanic cues to remember when you are the receiver of a pass in hockey?

VARVARA [1.3K]

Answer:

Positions in Hockey: 6 players for each team on the ice

1 Goalie – the player in the goal who tries to stop the puck from going in the net.

1 Center – plays in between the two wings and is usually the best passer on the team

2 Wings – offensive players who plays on both sides of the center. They are usually goal scorers

2 Defensemen – main job is to play defense and help defend the goal

Passing Cues

1. Stick blade faces target

2. Puck in center of blade

3. Transfer weight rear to front as you pass

4. Use wrist movement to drive the puck

5. Follow through at target

Receiving Cues:

1. athletic position

2. catch puck with middle of blade and control

3. slow the puck when it contacts the stick by giving with it

Explanation:

6 0

2 years ago

An elaborate pulley consists of four identical balls at the ends of spokes extending out from a rotating drum. A box is connecte

Klio2033 [76]

Answer:

its speed will be less than V

Explanation:

When the ball falls a distance d, its final kinetic energy plus rotational kinetic energy of the drum equals its initial potential energy.

K = U

With its speed V at the end of d, we have

1/2mV² + 1/2Iω² = mgd where I = rotational inertia of drum and balls, ω = angular speed of drum and balls and m = mass of box

1/2mV² + 1/2Iω² = mgd

1/2mV² = mgd - 1/2Iω²

V² = [2(mgd - 1/2Iω²)/m]

V = √[2(mgd - 1/2Iω²)/m]

When the four balls are moved inward closer to the drum, their rotational inertia increases and also its angular speed which thus causes an increase in rotational kinetic energy. But, since the box still falls the same distance of d, its final kinetic energy plus rotational kinetic energy of the drum plus balls still equals its initial potential energy

K = U

I' = new rotational inertia of drum and balls, ω' = new angular speed of drum and balls

With its new speed is now V' at the end of d,

1/2mV'² + 1/2I'ω'² = mgd

1/2mV'² = mgd - 1/2I'ω'²

V² = [2(mgd - 1/2I'ω'²)/m]

V' = √[2(mgd - 1/2I'ω'²)/m]

Since I' and ω' increase, the rotational kinetic energy of the drum and balls (1/2I'ω'²) increases. Thus, the difference (mgd - 1/2I'ω'²) < (mgd - 1/2Iω²) which implies that the kinetic energy of the box decreases. Hence, since its kinetic energy decreases, its speed V' also decreases.

So, V' < V

So, its speed will be less than V.

3 0

3 years ago

The collision between a hammer and a nail can be considered to be approximately elastic. Estimate the kinetic energy acquired by

AlekseyPX

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3 years ago

Two titanium spheres approach each other head-on with the same speed and collide elastically. After the collision, one of the sp

kotegsom [21]

Answer: