Well there alot of challenges faced by biologist researchers during the research of infectious disease, however major of those include the followings:1- Defining and measuring the fitness for pathogens across the scales2- Developing models to capture the impact of co-infection on the evolutionary process3- Modeling how pathogen characteristics shape the evolution of hose immune diversity4- Understanding the maintenance of pathogen diversity5- Developing the better models for the impact of genetic systems on pathogen evolution .
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Answer:
Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms.
Solids: their molecules are close to each other.They can't change their shape nor they can does it expand to fill the entire available volume like gas.
Liquid: A liquid is an incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of the container in which it is stored. It's molecules are not too close to each other.
Gas: Most gases cannot be seen but are present in the atmosphere.Their particles are far from each other.Gas is described by pressure, volume, temperature and number of particles
Explanation:
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Answer:
b. man
Explanation:
lizards, fish, and snakes lay eggs while humans (and most mammals) give birth
Answer:
Refraction:
When ray of light passes through from one medium to another medium ,due to the difference in medium index ,the light deflect from its original path .This deflection of light ray from its path is called refraction.The phenomenon of refraction can also be observed in sound and water waves.
Cornea reflect the light before light reaches to the retina.Cornea is a transparent part and which place in front of the eye.
The irises of cow look brown that is why the eye of cow looks brown.But the irises of man can be different type like brown,green blue etc.
Chondromalacia is the synonymous of the cartilage softening (chondro = cartilage, malacia = soft). It's a pathology of softening affecting the joints and more particularly those of the knee (kneecap and femur).
This anomaly can be observed in several circumstances:
• the first is that of direct trauma. It is the cartilaginous lesion occurring before the fracture (fissure) of the cartilage.
• the second is that of common osteoarthritis. It is highly likely that the first stage of osteoarthritis begins with edema (swelling of the cartilage or closed chondropathy) that makes the cartilage less resistant and more vulnerable; this soft cartilage can then crack on its surface (open chondropathy) and these cracks will be more difficult to heal.