Automatic external defibrillator (AED) a portable defibrillator designed to be automated such that it can be used by persons without substantial medical training who are responding to a cardiac emergency.
Answer:
b. The rats press the lever least when cocaine is presented.
Explanation:
Reinforcement or reward refers to the physiological processes by which a given behavior, such as drug use, becomes habitual. This occurs when neurons release the neurotransmitter dopamine to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) after drug use.
In tobacco, nicotine is the main component triggering of the reinforcement. Once inside the brain, nicotine activates nicotinic receptors, which in turn contributes to the reinforcement mechanism. Following repeated exposure to nicotine, a neuroadaptation process is established for some (but not all) effects of nicotine. Increased brain nAChRs (acetylcoline receptors) are observed in response to desensitization of these nicotine-mediated receptors. This desensitization can play an important role in the development of tolerance and dependence.
The fact that nicotine is a weak reinforcer, means that maybe the rat already had an neuroadaptation with this drug, not feeling anything with this drug anymore, and thats why he would prefer other drug, like cocaine, pressing the lever of nicotine less often.
Answer: B. Encouraging athletes to have children together
Explanation: The history of reproductive genetics is complex. During the early part of the last century, eugenics programs were popular. Eugenics is a science that deals with “improving” hereditary qualities. Positive eugenics encourages reproduction by those considered genetically superior. In Nazi Germany, “Pure Aryans” were encouraged to breed to create a superior race. Negative eugenics limits or discourages reproduction by those considered genetically inferior. In the United States, negative eugenics led to laws requiring the involuntary sterilization of thousands of people due to mental or physical handicaps. Events such as these have led people to question the value of eugenics. PF
C. If kids need a lot of fat, they'd all be obese. If kids eat NO fat, then they'd gain little to no weight at all.
