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gtnhenbr [62]
3 years ago
5

A chemical bond resulting from the loss or gain of electrons and the subsequent attraction of oppositely charged atoms

Biology
1 answer:
kolbaska11 [484]3 years ago
5 0
Polar bonds are when negatives and positives are attracted to eachother
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Why are chloroplasts more on one side of a cell than the other
vaieri [72.5K]

You would be referring to the <em>plant </em>cell.

Answer:

Chloroplasts may be seen on all six sides of a plant cell, which is a three-dimensional entity with typically moderately rounded corners (not in the centre because a big central vacuole fills a very large part of the volume). Chloroplasts are constantly being rearranged by the cell since they are not set in place. Chloroplasts are typically located close to so-called periclinal cell walls, which are oriented in the same 2D orientation as the leaf surface under low light. Chloroplasts seem to "escape" to the anticlinal walls in bright light. Better light harvesting in low light by exposing every chloroplast to light and photoprotection by mutual shading in strong light are likely the fitness benefits provided by this behavior. In the dark, chloroplasts also gravitate toward the anticlinal walls. Thin leaves of submerged aquatic plants like Elodea can be used as microscope specimens to observe chloroplast motions. One can gauge how much light gets through a leaf in land plants. What I just said concerning the top layer(s) of leaves' "palisade parenchyma cells" is accurate. Most of the chloroplasts are found in these cells. Numerous cells in the spongy parenchyma under the palisade layer lack well marked peri and anticlinal walls.

<h2>How did plant cells incorporate chloroplasts in their DNA?</h2>

Chloroplasts must reproduce in a manner akin to that of some bacterial species, in which the chloroplast DNA is duplicated first, followed by binary fission of the organelle (a kind of protein band that constricts so that two daughter organelles bud off). As a result of some chloroplast DNA actually being integrated into the plant genome (a process known as endosymbiotic gene transfer), it is now controlled in the nucleus of the plant cell itself.

8 0
1 year ago
All atoms of an element are __________ each other and __________ the atoms of other elements.
Orlov [11]
C. identical to, different from
6 0
3 years ago
A typical fungi thallus includes many filamentous BLANK-1 that combine to form a BLANK-2 that grows underground, and produce a B
vitfil [10]

Answer:

hypha

mycelium

fruiting body

spores

Explanation:

<em>A typical fungi thallus includes many filamentous hypha that combine to form mycelium that grows underground, and produce a fruiting body reproductive structure that produce spores that disperse on the wind to new habitat.</em>

Fungi body are generally made up of hypha, a network of which forms the mycelium. The mycelium grows underground within the substrate and occasionally bring out fruiting bodies which bear the sporangium containing the spores. The spores act as agent of dispersal and are used to form new organisms when the conditions are right.

3 0
3 years ago
Resident microflora:
CaHeK987 [17]

Answer:

Resident microflora b. may be responsible for opportunistic infections in immunocompromised

Explanation:

It is almost impossible to found these microorganisms in the stomach because of the acidic conditions, most of them are not adapted to this type of environment. Resident microflora is not transient, is actually permanent. However, resident microflora may be responsible for ooportunistic infections in immunocompromised and they can also increase the intensity of the disease produced by that pathogen.

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I need help with 9 &amp; 10
joja [24]

9 is letter d and 10 is a

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