Answer:
protons
Explanation:
An element, by definition, always has the same number of protons. Sodium, element 11, has 11 protons. Anything with 11 protons is a sodium atom, regardless of the number of neutrons, electrons, or politicians.
The will be c. Covalent bond and
Answer:

Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, considering the given chemical reaction, we can use the molar mass of octane (114.23 g/mol) and the 2:16 molar ratio with carbon dioxide to compute the emitted moles of CO2 to the atmosphere via the following stoichiometric procedure:

Which also corresponds to the following mass:

Best regards.
The first shell is full at 2 electrons, the next 2 shells are full at 8 electrons, and any shells after that are full at 16 electrons