1. A 43-year-old man has had a cough and fever for the past 2 months.. A transbronchial lung biopsy is performed, yielding a spe
cimen with the microscopic appearance shows granulomas. Which of the following chemical mediators is most important in the pathogenesis of this lesion? A Bradykinin B Complement C5a C Interferon-v D Nitric oxideE Prostaglandins 34 2. An 8-year-old girl has had difficulty swallowing for the past day. On examination, her pharynx is swollen and erythematous with an overlying yellow exudate. Laboratory studies show neutrophilia. Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus) is cultured from her pharynx. Which of the following substances is most likely to increase in response to pyrogens released by this organism? A Hageman factor B Immunoglobulin E C Interleukin-12 (IL-12) D Nitric oxide E Prostaglandins 3. A 41 -year-old man has had a severe headache for the past 2 days. On examination, his temperature is 39.2 0 lumbar puncture is performed, and the cerebrospinal fluid obtained has a WBC count of 910/ mm3 with 94% neutrophils and 6% lymphocytes. Which of the following substances is the most likely mediator for the fever observed in this man? A Bradykinin B Histamine C Leukotriene B4 D Nitric oxide TNF
1.Interferon-V is the most important in the pathogenesis of this lesion because, it promotes the formation of epithelioid cells and giant cells.
2.Immunoglobulin will be increased in response to inflammatory responses with allergins and with invasive parasites.
3.The most likely mediator for the fever is interleukin-1 ( IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor, TNF, which are produced by macrophages and other cell types.
The biggest breakthrough came in 1921 when Frederick Banting and Charles Best conducted a series of experiments one summer in the laboratory of J.J. R. Macleod at the University of Toronto. Like Minkowski and von Mering, they showed that removing the pancreas from dogs made them diabetic.
