Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a combination of rescue breathing and chest compressions delivered to victims thought to be in cardiac arrest. When cardiac arrest occurs, the heart stops pumping blood.
source: What is CPR | In-Pulse CPR
https://inpulsecpr.com/what-is-cardiac-arres.html
hy·pox·e·mi·a
/ˌhīpäkˈsēmēə/
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noun
MEDICINE
an abnormally low concentration of oxygen in the blood.
ECOLOGY
oxygen deficiency in a biotic environment.
REM sleep's function are that it helps in forming new memories, stimulates the central nervous system, and restores brain chemistry to a normal balance
As the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is very low, the glomerulus is not able to filter waste products into the renal tube. This decreases the rate of excretion of waste products. Ultimately, the respiration rate increases to remove excess of carbon dioxide from the blood.
<h3>What is Glomerular Filtration Rate?</h3>
- Glomerular Filtration Rate or GFR measures the amount of blood filtered by the kidneys per minute.
- It tells us about the health condition of the kidneys i.e. how well the kidney is able to filter blood.
- For normal kidneys, GFR is 60 or above. If GFR is below 60, it means a person has kidney disease. If the GFR reaches as low as 15, it indicates kidney failure.
- As the patient has chronic renal failure, the glomerulus does not work properly and it results in accumulation of fluids inside the body.
- The wastes get accumulated and the amount of deoxygenated blood increases.
- This will lead to increase in respiratory rate to increase the amount of oxygen and remove excess carbon dioxide in the blood.
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Question: Sam, a 70-year-old man with chronic renal failure, was in for a routine visit at the hospital. Progressive destruction of nephrons leads to chronic renal failure. Sam's blood work indicated low blood pH taken and potassium levels were outside of the normal range. Sam's estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 15 mL/min with a high respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute.
Why would Sam have an increase in respiratory rate? How does the increase in respiratory rate help?
Answer:
Insulin
Explanation:
Insulin and glucagon are hormones secreted by islet cells within the pancreas. They are both secreted in response to blood sugar levels, but in opposite fashion! Insulin is normally secreted by the beta cells (a type of islet cell) of the pancreas.