The statement "ice floats on water" is considered science because?
1 answer:
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Answer:
<u>3) Uncontrolled cell division occurred as a result of gene mutations</u>
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Explanation:
Spontaneous modifications within the genome may occur during the process of cell division. When copies of the DNA inside the cell are made, these mutations cause errors; and can include small single nucleotide polymorphisms, and large scale additions or deletions across multiple genes.
Some, like somatic mutations, exist only inside vegetative (body) cells, that cannot be passed onto offspring. This is caused by several factors like
- UV radiation,
- chemical mutagens,
- infective agents
UV radiation damages strands of DNA, by causing dimers to form; here, consecutive nucleotide bases covalently bond instead of those on the complementary strand. This conformational change causes errors in DNA proofreading and repair mechanisms where bases are not well-incorporated into the strand- tumors (clumps of uncontrolled cell growth) may form, resulting in melanoma, a type of skin cancer.
Explanation:
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<u>From the diagram with corresponding labels:</u>
- Exocytosis
- Facilitated diffusion
- Endocytosis
- Diffusion
- Active transport
<u>Further explanation:</u>
Via diffusion, small water molecules can move across the phospholipid bilayer acts as a semi-permeable membrane into the extracellular fluid or the cytoplasm which are both hydrophilic and contain large concentrations of polar water molecules or other water-soluble compounds.
Via osmosis, the water passes through the membrane due to the difference in osmotic pressure on either side of the phospholipid by layer this means that the water moves from regions of high osmotic pressure/concentration to regions of low pressure/ concentration to a steady state.
Active transport is a mediated process that requires the use of specialized membrane proteins these proteins require energy in the form of avenues and triphosphate or ATP in order to facilitate necessary conformational changes to the large protein molecules.
Carrier proteins and channel proteins are the two major classes of membrane transport proteins; these allow large molecules called solutes (including essential biomolecules) to cross the membrane. Channel proteins which are pores filled with water versus enabling charged molecules to diffuse across the membrane, from regions of high concentration to regions of lower concentration. This is a passive part of facilitated diffusion
<em>...some very large molecules require specialized type of active transport in order to move across the membrane this includes endocytosis and exocytosis</em>
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During endocytosis large molecules cells and cell fragments moved across the plasma membrane through a process of invagination; piece of the external cell membrane falls into itself and forms a small pocket that surrounds the target molecule this breaks off from the membrane to form an intracellular vesicle; different methods of endocytosis such as Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis, take in cells, water and targeted substances respectively.
Similarly, in exocytosis, the particles (Protein, Waste material etc.) surrounded by a phospholipid membrane. However, this membrane is formed in the cytoplasm, and attaches to the plasma membrane’s interior in a process opposite to endocytosis; material is removed from the cell and exported into the cell’s exterior called the extracellular space.
Learn more about membrane components at brainly.com/question/1971706
Learn more about plasma membrane transport at brainly.com/question/11410881
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