As Weber identified various characteristics of bureaucracy in order to provide a standard for measuring how bureaucratic an actual organization is, he called this standard an <u>ideal type</u>.
<h3>What is a bureaucracy?</h3>
It refers to an administrative, government or social system with a hierarchical structure, complex rules and regulations.
Weber theory of Bureaucracy suggest that business tasks must be divided among the employees and the basis for the division of tasks should be competencies and functional specializations. In this way, the workers will be well aware of their role and worth in the organization and what is expected of them.
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Friederick Herzberg constructed the Two-Factory Theory in 1959 which focuses on the theory of self-motivation and the implementation of self-directed work teams. Nowadays more and more organizations are reverting to self-managed work teams as there are many pros involved. Unfortunately, some of the cons experienced include: more meetings need to be held to make sure that everyone is on board, or projects take longer to finish because of the decision-making process lagging. The biggest problem would be that because there exists no structure within the team, chaos might erupt and productivity would decrease.
Physical anthropologists have discovered what about vocalization in chimp groups It is unique to specific groups or regions.
Like other animals, primates use communication to meet their biological and social needs, which include fending off predators, interacting with other group members, and preserving group cohesion while moving across the environment.
They accomplish this by using a variety of signals, many of which have directly developed as ritualized abridgements of more fundamental physiological or behavioral processes.
For instance, during disputes, chimpanzees may exhibit pilo-erection (bristling of the hair), which gives them the appearance of being bigger and more menacing and indicates their propensity to escalate (van Hooff 1973).
Thus, communication signals have developed to some extent in order to influence recipients mentally (Guilford & Dawkins 1991).
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perciles helped improved their lives, by creating democracy for them
hope this helps
