The resistance of an ohmic material is given by

where l is the length and a is the cross sectional area. For a circular wire, this area is that of a circle:

Then solving for diameter, d:

Answer:
How many electrons does an atom require to have a stable configuration?
eight electrons
In general, atoms are most stable, least reactive, when their outermost electron shell is full. Most of the elements important in biology need eight electrons in their outermost shell in order to be stable, and this rule of thumb is known as the octet rule.
How is this achieved in an ionic bond?
Ionic bonds are a class of chemical bonds that result from the exchange of one or more valence electrons from one atom, typically a metal, to another, typically a nonmetal. This electron exchange results in an electrostatic attraction between the two atoms called an ionic bond.
Covalent bonding occurs when pairs of electrons are shared by atoms. Atoms will covalently bond with other atoms in order to gain more stability, which is gained by forming a full electron shell. By sharing their outermost (valence) electrons, atoms can fill up their outer electron shell and gain stability.
Explanation:
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The cause of continental lithosphere to becoming thinner and weaken is the Rifting and Continental Breakup. I hope my answer has come to your help. God bless and have a nice day ahead! Feel free to ask more questions here in Brainly.
7.11x 10⁶J
Explanation:
Given parameters:
Speed of light = 3 x 10⁸m/s
Mass of object = 23.7g = 0.0237kg
Unknown:
Energy = ?
Solution:
From Einstein's equation, we see that mass and energy are equivalent using the expression below:
E = mc²
Substituting the parameters:
E = 3 x 10⁸ x 0.0237 = 7.11x 10⁶J
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Answer:
The ball is moving in a horizontal circle.
The force acting towards the center of the circle is
F = M a = M * V^2 / R
a = V^2 / R simplifying equation
V = (a / R)^1/2 = (23 / .66)^1/2 = 5.90 m/s