Explanation:
Hydrogen atoms contain 1 proton and 1 electron while being devoid of neutrons. When they lose their electron they form an ion or H+, a particle carrying a unit of positive charge. pH measures how basic or acidic a water-based solutions are, with a formula for pH is
pH = -log[H+].
...where pH is -base 10 log of the concentration of hydrogen ions within the solution.
Initial volume= 20 mL
Final volume= 600 mL
# of dilutions= 
= 30
for a pH 2= [H+]= 
∴ [H+]= 
and pH is an antilog of [H+]= - log
∴pH = 3.47
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I think it’s the first one
<span>The most expectant evolutionary feature would be longer necks. This will enable the tortoises to reach the higher grass. This <span>would occur through natural selection that would favor the extreme traits (alleles of long neck) of long necks in the population.</span></span>
Answer:
Invasive species are among the leading threats to native wildlife. Approximately 42 percent of threatened or endangered species are at risk due to invasive species. These species were brout from other countries and they cause problems in these other countries or continents. Like the bees in america were not native and neither werer the cattle in the western hemisphere.
Explanation:
Answer:
Photosynthesis and metabolism are among the most complex areas in biology so given the nature of this forum I've kept the answers simple and brief.
Carbon is of central importance to all biological systems due to its special bonding properties allowing it to form various bonds with other atoms and produce a wonderfully complex range of molecules used by life.
In photosynthesis inorganic carbon in carbon dioxide gas is fixed to hydrogen to produce sugar, an organic molecule. In this case the carbon gains electrons so it is 'reduced' and this process requires energy in the form of light. Once in sugar form, the process can be reversed and the carbon can be oxidised back into carbon dioxide during cellular respiration, releasing energy.
So in photosynthesis, the carbon from carbon dioxide is reduced to form a sugar molecule. When transitioning to respiration, the carbon in the sugar is oxidised to form carbon dioxide again in the reverse reaction to photosynthesis.
The carbon is transferred between molecules through various intermediate steps during these processes, involving enzymes (biological catalysts) to assist in cleaving specific bonds at each stage. During cellular respiration (an energy release reaction) as the carbon is successively oxidised electrons are liberated that are used as part of the energy release. These electrons are captured or 'carried' by special organic molecules called NAD and FAD (reducing them) which in turn can then be oxidised to produce the universal energy currency of life: ATP molecules. ATP is a small bio molecule containing a high energy phosphorous bond that can be broken to release energy to do cellular work. It is used by all life that we know of and is the ultimate product of cellular respiration.
