The first stupa at Boudhanath was built sometime after AD 600, when the Tibetan king, Songtsen Gampo, converted to Buddhism. In terms of grace and purity of line, no other stupa in Nepal comes close to Boudhanath. From its whitewashed dome to its gilded tower painted with the all-seeing eyes of the Buddha, the monument is perfectly proportioned. Join the Tibetan pilgrims on their morning and evening koras (circumambulations) for the best atmosphere.
According to legend, the king constructed the stupa as an act of penance after unwittingly killing his father. The first stupa was wrecked by Mughal invaders in the 14th century, so the current stupa is a more recent construction.
The highly symbolic construction serves in essence as a three-dimensional reminder of the Buddha’s path towards enlightenment. The plinth represents earth, the kumbha (dome) is water, the harmika (square tower) is fire, the spire is air and the umbrella at the top is the void or ether beyond space. The 13 levels of the spire represent the stages that a human being must pass through to achieve nirvana.
Stupas were originally built to house holy relics and some claim that Boudhanath contains the relics of the past Buddha, Kashyapa, while others say it contains a piece of bone from the skeleton of Siddhartha Gautama, the historical Buddha. Around the base of the stupa are 108 small images of the Dhyani Buddha Amitabha (108 is an auspicious number in Tibetan culture) and a ring of prayer wheels, set in groups of four or five into 147 niches.
To reach the upper level of the plinth, look for the gateway at the north end of the stupa, beside a small shrine dedicated to Hariti (Ajima), the goddess of smallpox. The plinth is open from 5am to 6pm (till 7pm in summer), offering a raised viewpoint over the tide of pilgrims surging around the stupa. Note the committed devotees prostrating themselves full-length on the ground in the courtyard on the east side of the stupa.
Answer:
The lack of jobs and lack of transportation to jobs
Explanation:
<u>This can be a great problem because there is not a certain infrastructure on how the want to approach this project</u>, all they want to do is build cheap houses but they haven't thought about possible jobs that can be done there such as markets, or drug stores, <u>not having some of the essentials near the houses can be a problem</u> because the people will not want to travel large distances because that would mean more money spent in the long run.
Answer: Rip was asleep and the people kept wondering he was a spy from England.
Explanation: Washington Irving's story "Rip Van Winkle" that tells the story of how the United States was established when Rip Van Winkle was asleep for two decades. Rip was asleep and the people in the town wondered if he was a spy sent from England. Later, when he returned to his town finally, it was an old woman that recognized him. When Rip informed the town what had happened, old Peter Vanderdouk was consulted and he confirmed that it is true that the Kaatskills are haunted. Rip rip was asleep when United States had been to war and eventually got her independence.
Answer:
Listeners can become lost
Explanation:
Informative speakers need to judge their audience before they speak. They need to know some facts about their listeners, where do they come from, from which background socially and ethnically, and they may want to know something about their religion or interests. This way they can judge the level of the audience's knowledge about the subject they will speak upon.
If the informative speakers overestimate the listeners' knowledge on a particular subjects, the listeners will become frustrated because they won't understand what the speakers are telling them. They may consider themselves to stupid or not knowledgeable enough to listen to this speech. After trying to understand, they give up in the end and <em>can become lost</em>, not understanding the speaker and the topic he speaks upon.
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