<span>. People who are stigmatized are frequently labeled as deviant.
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People for example might be stigmatized because of their poverty. it is in research records that the poorer in society are often stigmatized, but also the same people are labelled as deviant. Such forms of deviance includes crime.
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It is called experimenter bias
experimenter bias refers to the cognitive bias that held by researchers that might cause them to subconsciously influence the outcome of the experiment.
The most likelt cause of this bias is a situation where experimenters held a certain belief or expectation for the outcome of the experiment.
Spatial organizational pattern is being used here. Spatial organizational pattern is where the information is arranged according to how things fit together in a physical space. "This pattern works well when a writer wishes to create a mental picture of something which has various parts distinguished by physical location."
Spatial pattern organizes each different point with a direction and then connect each main point to a whole. It also helps in describing how a particular thing looks like. Here the main points importance is taken from its location, this pattern exists in both fiction and non-fiction narratives where the writers describes things in detail.
To know more about Spatial organizational pattern click below
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Allow blacks to vote, and allowed discrimination. Hope this helps!