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IrinaVladis [17]

3 years ago

15

Semicircles

1 answer:

Studentka2010 [4]3 years ago

8 0

Answer:

The area of the shaded portion of the figure is $9.1\ cm^2$

Step-by-step explanation:

see the attached figure to better understand the problem

we know that

The shaded area is equal to the area of the square less the area not shaded.

There are 4 "not shaded" regions.

step 1

Find the area of square ABCD

The area of square is equal to

$A=b^2$

where

b is the length side of the square

we have

$b=4\ cm$

substitute

$A=4^2=16\ cm^2$

step 2

We can find the area of 2 "not shaded" regions by calculating the area of the square less two semi-circles (one circle):

The area of circle is equal to

$A=\pi r^{2}$

The diameter of the circle is equal to the length side of the square

so

$r=\frac{b}{2}=\frac{4}{2}=2\ cm$ ---> radius is half the diameter

substitute

$A=\pi (2)^{2}$

$A=4\pi\ cm^2$

Therefore, the area of 2 "not-shaded" regions is:

$A=(16-4\pi) \ cm^2$

and the area of 4 "not-shaded" regions is:

$A=2(16-4\pi)=(32-8\pi)\ cm^2$

step 3

Find the area of the shaded region

Remember that the area of the shaded region is the area of the square less 4 "not shaded" regions:

so

$A=16-(32-8\pi)=(8\pi-16)\ cm^2$

---> exact value

assume

$\pi =3.14$

substitute

$A=(8(3.14)-16)=9.1\ cm^2$

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The portion of the parabola y²=4ax above the x-axis, where is form 0 to h is revolved about the x-axis. Show that the surface ar

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See below for Part A.

Part B)

$\displaystyle h=\Big(\frac{125}{\pi}+27\Big)^\frac{2}{3}-9\approx7.4614$

Step-by-step explanation:

Part A)

The parabola given by the equation:

$y^2=4ax$

From 0 to <em>h</em> is revolved about the x-axis.

We can take the principal square root of both sides to acquire our function:

$y=f(x)=\sqrt{4ax}$

Please refer to the attachment below for the sketch.

The area of a surface of revolution is given by:

$\displaystyle S=2\pi\int_{a}^{b}r(x)\sqrt{1+\big[f^\prime(x)]^2} \,dx$

Where <em>r(x)</em> is the distance between <em>f</em> and the axis of revolution.

From the sketch, we can see that the distance between <em>f</em> and the AoR is simply our equation <em>y</em>. Hence:

$r(x)=y(x)=\sqrt{4ax}$

Now, we will need to find f’(x). We know that:

$f(x)=\sqrt{4ax}$

Then by the chain rule, f’(x) is:

$\displaystyle f^\prime(x)=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{4ax}}\cdot4a=\frac{2a}{\sqrt{4ax}}$

For our limits of integration, we are going from 0 to <em>h</em>.

Hence, our integral becomes:

$\displaystyle S=2\pi\int_{0}^{h}(\sqrt{4ax})\sqrt{1+\Big(\frac{2a}{\sqrt{4ax}}\Big)^2}\, dx$

Simplify:

$\displaystyle S=2\pi\int_{0}^{h}\sqrt{4ax}\Big(\sqrt{1+\frac{4a^2}{4ax}}\Big)\,dx$

Combine roots;

$\displaystyle S=2\pi\int_{0}^{h}\sqrt{4ax\Big(1+\frac{4a^2}{4ax}\Big)}\,dx$

Simplify:

$\displaystyle S=2\pi\int_{0}^{h}\sqrt{4ax+4a^2}\, dx$

Integrate. We can consider using u-substitution. We will let:

$u=4ax+4a^2\text{ then } du=4a\, dx$

We also need to change our limits of integration. So:

$u=4a(0)+4a^2=4a^2\text{ and } \\ u=4a(h)+4a^2=4ah+4a^2$

Hence, our new integral is:

$\displaystyle S=2\pi\int_{4a^2}^{4ah+4a^2}\sqrt{u}\, \Big(\frac{1}{4a}\Big)du$

Simplify and integrate:

$\displaystyle S=\frac{\pi}{2a}\Big[\,\frac{2}{3}u^{\frac{3}{2}}\Big|^{4ah+4a^2}_{4a^2}\Big]$

Simplify:

$\displaystyle S=\frac{\pi}{3a}\Big[\, u^\frac{3}{2}\Big|^{4ah+4a^2}_{4a^2}\Big]$

FTC:

$\displaystyle S=\frac{\pi}{3a}\Big[(4ah+4a^2)^\frac{3}{2}-(4a^2)^\frac{3}{2}\Big]$

Simplify each term. For the first term, we have:

$\displaystyle (4ah+4a^2)^\frac{3}{2}$

We can factor out the 4a:

$\displaystyle =(4a)^\frac{3}{2}(h+a)^\frac{3}{2}$

Simplify:

$\displaystyle =8a^\frac{3}{2}(h+a)^\frac{3}{2}$

For the second term, we have:

$\displaystyle (4a^2)^\frac{3}{2}$

Simplify:

$\displaystyle =(2a)^3$

Hence:

$\displaystyle =8a^3$

Thus, our equation becomes:

$\displaystyle S=\frac{\pi}{3a}\Big[8a^\frac{3}{2}(h+a)^\frac{3}{2}-8a^3\Big]$

We can factor out an 8a^(3/2). Hence:

$\displaystyle S=\frac{\pi}{3a}(8a^\frac{3}{2})\Big[(h+a)^\frac{3}{2}-a^\frac{3}{2}\Big]$

Simplify:

$\displaystyle S=\frac{8\pi}{3}\sqrt{a}\Big[(h+a)^\frac{3}{2}-a^\frac{3}{2}\Big]$

Hence, we have verified the surface area generated by the function.

Part B)

We have:

$y^2=36x$

We can rewrite this as:

$y^2=4(9)x$

Hence, a=9.

The surface area is 1000. So, S=1000.

Therefore, with our equation:

$\displaystyle S=\frac{8\pi}{3}\sqrt{a}\Big[(h+a)^\frac{3}{2}-a^\frac{3}{2}\Big]$

We can write:

$\displaystyle 1000=\frac{8\pi}{3}\sqrt{9}\Big[(h+9)^\frac{3}{2}-9^\frac{3}{2}\Big]$

Solve for h. Simplify:

$\displaystyle 1000=8\pi\Big[(h+9)^\frac{3}{2}-27\Big]$

Divide both sides by 8π:

$\displaystyle \frac{125}{\pi}=(h+9)^\frac{3}{2}-27$

Isolate term:

$\displaystyle \frac{125}{\pi}+27=(h+9)^\frac{3}{2}$

Raise both sides to 2/3:

$\displaystyle \Big(\frac{125}{\pi}+27\Big)^\frac{2}{3}=h+9$

Hence, the value of h is:

$\displaystyle h=\Big(\frac{125}{\pi}+27\Big)^\frac{2}{3}-9\approx7.4614$

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