The answer is D all of the above
Covered Entities may also use or disclose PHI without authorization in the following circumstance:
B. Where required by law
Explanation:
Where the law requires personal information of a patient shared by the Covered Entities they must share it with them even if its sensitive information.
This is one of the exceptions tot he breach of privacy rule which grants the companies the right not to reveal any information of the patient without their consent.
The information required for any other purpose briefed here can easily be consented to without much hassle by the person who is required to consent.
