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3 years ago

For a given reaction, adding a catalyst increases the rate of the reaction by

Chemistry

2 answers:

Ksju [112]3 years ago

8 0

Answer : Option 2) providing an alternate reaction pathway that has a lower activation energy

Explanation : When a catalyst is added to a chemical reaction it increases the rate of reaction by lowering the energy of activation. It provides an alternate pathway for a reaction to proceed with a lower Ea energy. Usually a catalyst never gets consumed in the reaction process. It will appear in the reaction mechanism steps but not in the overall reaction like reactants and products.

Andrej [43]3 years ago

6 0

The answer is (2) providing an alternate reaction pathway that has a lower activation energy. The lower activation energy will lead to the increase of rate of the reaction.

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What is the vapor pressure of the solution if 35.0 g of water is dissolved in 100.0 g of ethyl alcohol at 25 ∘C? The vapor press

masya89 [10]

Answer: The vapor pressure of the solution is 43.55 mmHg

Explanation:

To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:

$\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}$ .....(1)

For water:

Given mass of water = 35.0 g

Molar mass of water = 18 g/mol

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

$\text{Moles of water}=\frac{35.0g}{18g/mol}=1.944mol$

For ethyl alcohol:

Given mass of ethyl alcohol = 100.0 g

Molar mass of ethyl alcohol = 46 g/mol

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

$\text{Moles of ethyl alcohol}=\frac{100.0g}{46g/mol}=2.174mol$

Total moles of solution = [1.944 = 2.174] moles = 4.118 moles

Mole fraction of a substance is given by:

$\chi_A=\frac{n_A}{n_A+n_B}$

For water:

$\chi_{\text{water}}=\frac{n_{\text{water}}}{n_{\text{water}}+n_{\text{ethyl alcohol}}}$

$\chi_{water}=\frac{1.944}{4.118}=0.472$

For ethyl alcohol:

$\chi_{\text{ethyl alcohol}}=\frac{n_{\text{ethyl alcohol}}}{n_{\text{water}}+n_{\text{ethyl alcohol}}}$

$\chi_{\text{ethyl alcohol}}=\frac{2.174}{4.118}=0.528$

Dalton's law of partial pressure states that the total pressure of the system is equal to the sum of partial pressure of each component present in it.

To calculate the vapor pressure of the solution, we use the law given by Dalton, which is:

$P_T=\sum_{i=1}^n (p_i\times \chi_i)$

Or,

$P_T=[(p_{\text{water}}\times \chi_{\text{water}})+(p_{\text{ethyl alcohol}}\times \chi_{\text{ethyl alcohol}}$

We are given:

Vapor pressure of water = 23.8 mmHg

Vapor pressure of ethyl alcohol = 61.2 mmHg

Putting values in above equation, we get:

$p_T=[(23.8\times 0.472)+(61.2\times 0.528)]\\\\p_T=43.55mmHg$

Hence, the vapor pressure of the solution is 43.55 mmHg

4 0

3 years ago

What do chemists think is the best measurement of concentration for describing the concentration of a solid solute dissolved in

lara31 [8.8K]

Answer:

Molarity.

Explanation:

The molarity (M) of a solution is defined as the no. of moles of solute that dissolved in 1.0 liter of the solution.

M = (mass / molar mass) of the solute (1000 / volume of the solution).

So, the best measurement of concentration for describing the concentration of a solid solute dissolved in one liter of a liquid solution is Molarity.

6 0

3 years ago

Please please help:(

borishaifa [10]

Magnesium and silver

4 0

3 years ago

A 1.2 L weather balloon on the ground has a temperature of 25°C and is at atmospheric pressure (1.0 atm). When it rises to an el

musickatia [10]

Answer:

$T_2=335.42K=62.27^oC$

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, by using the general gas law, that allows us to understand the pressure-volume-temperature relationship as shown below:

$\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1} =\frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}$

Thus, solving for the temperature at the end (considering absolute units of Kelvin), we obtain:

$T_2=\frac{P_2V_2T_1}{P_1V_1}=\frac{1.8L*0.75atm*(25+273.15)K}{1.2L*1.0atm} \\\\T_2=335.42K=62.27^oC$

Best regards.

4 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Sodium tert-butoxide (NaOC(CH3)3) is classified as bulky and acts as Bronsted Lowry base in the reaction. It is reacted with 2-c

IceJOKER [234]

Answer:but-1-ene

Explanation:This is an E2 elimination reaction .

Kindly refer the attachment for complete reaction and products.

Sodium tert-butoxide is a bulky base and hence cannot approach the substrate 2-chlorobutane from the more substituted end and hence major product formed here would not be following zaitsev rule of elimination reaction.

Sodium tert-butoxide would approach from the less hindered side that is through the primary centre and hence would lead to the formation of 1-butene .The major product formed in this reaction would be 1-butene .

As the mechanism of the reaction is E-2 so it will be a concerted mechanism and as sodium tert-butoxide will start abstracting the primary hydrogen through the less hindered side simultaneously chlorine will start leaving. As the steric repulsion in this case is less hence the transition state is relatively stabilised and leads to the formation of a kinetic product 1-butene.

Kinetic product are formed when reactions are dependent upon rate and not on thermodynamical stability.

2-butene is more thermodynamically6 stable as compared to 1-butene

The major product formed does not follow the zaitsev rule of forming a more substituted alkene as sodium tert-butoxide cannot approach to abstract the secondary proton due to steric hindrance.

5 0

3 years ago