Answer 1) What is nuclear fission and nuclear fusion?
Nuclear Fission - It is reaction process when a neutron is made to strike to an atom with a heavy nucleus. It makes the atom release certain number of neutrons from the nucleus, then it splits the parent atom into smaller other atoms.
Nuclear Fusion - It is exactly opposite of nuclear fission. It is a reaction process, where the nucleus of certain light atoms tries to join the nucleus of other lighter atoms together and release large amount of energy.
Answer 2) What happens in these reactions?
Nuclear Fission - Usually in these reactions the atoms with heavy nucleus splits up into smaller atoms. Fission means breaking into smaller atoms.
Nuclear Fusion - In this reaction the atoms of several lighter nucleus combines together to form a larger nucleus by releasing a high amount of energy. Fusion means joining/mixing of small atoms to form large atom.
Answer 3) Types of atoms involved?
Nuclear Fission - Atoms with heavy nucleus like uranium which when bombarded with neutrons can get splitted into smaller atoms of xenon or strontium,etc.
Nuclear Fusion - Atoms including small lighter nucleus combines to form larger ones. For example, inside the Sun, the small atoms of hydrogen combines to form helium atoms which imparts sun a large amount of heat and light energy.
Answer 4) Types of product produced?
Nuclear Fission - Depending upon the atoms of heavy nucleus undergoing fission the products would be produced. Such as if uranium undergoes fission the products obtained will be different than Plutonium undergoing fission. Although several small by products may be similar.
Nuclear Fusion - This reaction also depending upon the smaller atoms nucleus which undergoes the process of fusion and result into a bigger atom. Example is the fusion of hydrogen atoms in sun and stars.
Answer 5) Practical Uses.
Nuclear Fission - As in this process large amount of energy is released, the major use is done in producing power. Also it's uses are seen in manufacturing of nuclear weapons.
Nuclear Fusion - It is difficult to do fusion reactions, but still we have managed to manufacture hydrogen bombs using this reaction and many researches are going on in the field of magnetism and laser beams.
Answer 6) Limitations.
Nuclear Fission - The major limitation in using this kind of reaction is because of the generation of radioactive wastes. It is difficult to dispose off the waste generated after the reaction with proper care. It effect remains years after years and are extremely toxic to all living beings.
Nuclear Fusion - It is quite difficult to nuclear fusion reaction on earth as it requires high amount of temperature and pressure. So it is almost impossible to replicate fusion reactions.
Answer:
B. The temperature of the water when the food sample has finished burning completely.
Explanation:
Heat or thermal energy is a form of energy that transfers from one object to another due to a temperature difference between the objects. The units for heat are joules or calories.
Calorimetry is the measurement of heat energy released or absorbed in a chemical reaction. A calorimeter is used in calorimetry. The calorimeter operates on the Law of Conservation of Energy which states that energy is never created or destroyed but is transformed from one form to another or between objects.
In food calorimetry, the energy released when food is burned is measured by recording the rise in temperature of water in a calorimeter when a given mass of a food sample is burned completely.
Energy can be calculated using the formula: Q = mc ∆T
where Q = the energy in joules or calories, m = the mass in grams, c = specific heat and ∆T = the change in temperature (final temperature - initial temperature).
The temperature of the water when the food sample has finished burning completely is taken as the final temperature of the water. The sample is allowed to smolder for sometime before recording the final water temperature. This is because the water temperature will continue to rise after the flame has gone out.
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Answer:</h3>
A saturated solution is a chemical solution containing the maximum concentration of a solute dissolved in the solvent.
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Explanation:</h3>
- A solution is made by dissolving a solute in a solvent.
- For example dissolving a salt in a solvent such as water results to a solution.
- Solution may either be saturated or unsaturated.
- Unsaturated solution is a solution that can dissolve more solute upon addition because it has not reached saturation.
- A saturated solution on the other hand is a solution that has maximum solute and the concentration of solute is maximum and thus the solvent can not dissolve any more solute.
- Therefore, a saturated solutions contain maximum concentration of a solute dissolved in the solute.
Because the chemicals are different
The metals will lose electrons while the non metals will gain electrons in order to attain octet structure.
An ion can be cation (positively charged) or anion (negatively charged).
Cations attain octet structure (8) by losing electron(s) while anions become stable or attains octet structure (8) by gaining electron(s).
The remaining elements are completed as follows to attain octet structure;
<u>Element</u>--<u>valence electron</u>--<u>electrons to gain</u>--<u>electrons to lose</u>--<u>ion formed</u>
O ------------ 6 ---------------------- 2 ------------------------ none --------------
Ca -------- 2 ----------------------- none ---------------------- 2 ------------------
Br ----------- 7 --------------------- 1 ------------------------ none ---------------
S ------------ 6 ----------------------- 2 ------------------------ none ---------------
Cl ------------ 7 ----------------------- 1 ------------------------ none ----------------
K -------------- 1 ----------------------- none ----------------------- 1 ------------------
Mg ------------ 2 ---------------------- none ---------------------- 2 ----------------
Be ------------- 2 ---------------------- none ---------------------- 2 ----------------
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