<h3>Oxidative Phosphorylation</h3>
Explanation:
The process by which ATP is generated by utilizing the large amount of energy released during the transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH₂ to the O₂ through a series of electron carrier present in the mitochondrial membrane is called oxidative phosphorylation.
The process of electron transfer is accompanied by the pumping of protons across inner membrane of mitochondria, from the mitochondrial matrix to intermembrane space establishing electrochemical proton gradient.
The ATP synthase complex present in the mitochondrial membrane allows the protons to move down the proton gradient as a result enough energy is released to add a phosphate group to ADP and form ATP inside the mitochondrial matrix.
The fact that the two strands of DNA are complementary <span />
All of these represent something called "competition and predation", in which the species competes for strength, or when one species coordinates attacks against a prey species, or when one species hunts another.
Answer:
Decomposers
Explanation:
The diagram in this question illustrates a food web, which is a series of interlinked food chains in an ecosystem. In a food chain as depicted in the image, the arrows point to the organism that feeds on another organism. For example, an arrow is pointing from Idaho fescue to an Elk meaning that the elk will feed on that plant.
Different trophic levels constituting organisms exists in the food web including; producers (plants), primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers etc. However, as observed in the image, a general arrow carrying along all the organism is pointing towards the organism in the question mark. This organism is called DECOMPOSER.
A decomposer, usually a microorganism, is an organism that breaks down dead organisms and returns the nutrient to the soil for recycling. All organisms in the food web will eventually die and when they do, they'll be decomposed by a decomposer. This is why the arrow pointing towards the decomposers include all organisms.
Answer:
d) A constitutively active mutant form of PKA in skeletal muscle cells would lead to an excess in the amount of glycogen available.
Explanation:
This occurs in the process of Glycogenolysis. The process involves breaking down of glycogen to glucose -1- phosphate and glycogen which helps in the release of glucose into the blood stream to prevent hypoglycemia(low blood sugar). The glucose-1-phosphate is later converted to glucose -6-phosphate. The latter enters the glycolytic pathway in which the reaction is catalysed by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase.
This homeostatic glucose regulation is regulated by the protein kinase(PKA)/ cAMP pathway in the skeletal muscles, the liver and the pancreas.
