There are several ways;
The Skeletal system protects for example the heart and several aspects of large vasculature. The skeleton also has the means to produce blood cells in the marrow of some of the bones.
Answer: A neuron has three main parts: dendrites, an axon, and a cell body or soma , which can be represented as the branches, roots and trunk of a tree, respectively. A dendrite (tree branch) is where a neuron receives input from other cells. Dendrites branch as they move towards their tips, just like tree branches do, and they even have leaf-like structures on them called spines.
The axon (tree roots) is the output structure of the neuron; when a neuron wants to talk to another neuron, it sends an electrical message called an action potential throughout the entire axon.
The features of neurons help them to carry out their function efficiently:
they have a long fibre (axon) so they can carry messages up and down the body over long distances
in a stimulated neuron, an electrical nerve impulse passes along the axon
the axon is insulated by a fatty (myelin) sheath - the fatty sheath increases the speed of the nerve impulses along the neuron
at each end of the neuron are tiny branches (dendrons), which branch even further into dendrites - the dendrites receive incoming nerve impulses from other neurons
Explanation:
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Answer:
The middle carbon atom of pyruvate in the TCA cycle becomes the carboxyl carbon of acetate and hence the newly added (upper) carboxyl group in citrate
Explanation:
Before entering the TCA cycle, pyruvate is converted into Acetyl-CoA by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate. 1st two carbons of glucose to be fully oxidized. This reaction is catalyzed by Pyruvate dehydrogenase.
The middle carbon atom of the pyruvate in the TCA cycle becomes the carboxyl carbon of the acetate as the carboxyl group is removed from the pyruvate , releasing CO2. NAD is reduced to NADH. Acetyl group is transferred to coenzyme-A , resulting in acetyl coA
