Answer:
d. less than 100% of the energy captured from sunlight is transformed into potential energy in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient and then into potential energy in the form of covalent bonds
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is process utilized by plants, several bacteria and protists to convert the light energy to chemical energy. So they utilize the photosynthesis as the powerhouse for the energy production. Heterotrophs like human that cannot synthesize their own food, use this converted form of energy by autotrophs.
During the light reaction of photosynthesis the photons from light are absorbed by photosystem I and II. These photons excites the electrons which flow through the electron transport chain from higher potential to lower potential. These electrons release the energy while moving from higher potential to lower potential which is utilized by H+ pump to pump the H+ to lumen of plastids from stroma and of course not the 100% energy is utilized some of the energy dissipates. . So this process causes the accumulation of high potential H+ ions across the membrane. These H+ ions are utilized for the production of ATP by ATP synthase complex when they flow back to lower potential across the membrane through ATP synthase complex.
The ATP and NADPH produced from light reaction are utilized to combine carbon molecules during dark reaction. The covalent bond is used to combine the carbon molecules and we know that combining carbon molecules stores energy in the form of covalent bond.
<span>Intracellular digestion takes place in animals without a digestive tract, in which food items are brought into the cell for digestion. Extracellular digestion is a process in which animals feed by secreting enzymes through the cell membrane onto the food.</span><span>
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Because many animals eat plants to survive, so if you cut off the animals food source you will kill them because they have nothing to eat, which leads to a chain reaction. If bunnies eat grass and foxes eat bunnies the everything goes extinct, because the grass dies and the bunny doesnt have anything to eat so it dies, and then the fox was supposed to eat that bunny but now its dead so now the fox will die too
A large hole that opens into the ground is called a sink hole
