Answer:
Cell surface receptors (membrane receptors, transmembrane receptors) are receptors that are embedded in the plasma membrane of cells. They act in cell signaling by receiving (binding to) extracellular molecules. They are specialized integral membrane proteins that allow communication between the cell and the extracellular space.
Explanation:
Specific chemicals are bound by carrier proteins and transferred on one side of the membrane. The conformational changes they go through next enable the molecule to cross the membrane and exit on the other side.
How carrier protein facilitate the diffusion?
When a molecule diffuses, it usually moves from a high concentration location to a low concentration area until the concentration is the same everywhere in the space.
Contrary to channel proteins, another form of membrane transport protein that is less selective in the molecules it transports, carriers are proteins that move a particular material through intracellular compartments, into the extracellular fluid, or across cells. Carrier proteins are found in lipid bilayer cell structures such cell membranes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, just like other membrane transport proteins.
Therefore, carrier proteins can facilitate the diffusion of glucose or other substances into the cell.
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Answer:
In order for the sodium motive force to provide useful energy for the cell the organism must contain sodium ion gradient or potential across the membrane.
Explanation:
If the concentration of sodium is high in the inter membrane space than that of matrix then a sodium gradient is generated across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The transport of sodium ions from inter membrane space to matrix through the sodium ion channel result in the generation of sodium motive force,that is used to provide energy to the cell.
Mitosis
Advantages: It enables your cells to multiply quickly and produce sister chromosomes.
Disadvantages: There is little genetic variation, each generation faces the same diseases.
Meiosis:
Advantages: The crossing over of genes during meiosis results in individual variety, which is beneficial to the population's survival.
Disadvantages: It requires the use of two gametes.
Answer:
The correct answer is " two cardiac muscle cells are connected by gap junctions".
Explanation:
Intercalated discs are microscopic features seen in the microscope as cardiac fibers, found between the myocardial cells of the heart. These features correspond of two cardiac muscle cells connected by gap junctions. The intercalated discs allow the interconnection of multiple cardiac cell muscles to work simultaneously as a single functional organ or syncytium.
