Answer:
d. less than 100% of the energy captured from sunlight is transformed into potential energy in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient and then into potential energy in the form of covalent bonds
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is process utilized by plants, several bacteria and protists to convert the light energy to chemical energy. So they utilize the photosynthesis as the powerhouse for the energy production. Heterotrophs like human that cannot synthesize their own food, use this converted form of energy by autotrophs.
During the light reaction of photosynthesis the photons from light are absorbed by photosystem I and II. These photons excites the electrons which flow through the electron transport chain from higher potential to lower potential. These electrons release the energy while moving from higher potential to lower potential which is utilized by H+ pump to pump the H+ to lumen of plastids from stroma and of course not the 100% energy is utilized some of the energy dissipates. . So this process causes the accumulation of high potential H+ ions across the membrane. These H+ ions are utilized for the production of ATP by ATP synthase complex when they flow back to lower potential across the membrane through ATP synthase complex.
The ATP and NADPH produced from light reaction are utilized to combine carbon molecules during dark reaction. The covalent bond is used to combine the carbon molecules and we know that combining carbon molecules stores energy in the form of covalent bond.
The cross between Dd egg-snail and a dd s snail mate will result in snails with genotype 1/2 Dd:1/2 dd and phenotype all right-coiling.
<h3>What is a genotype?</h3>
The genotype refers to the allele combinations that can be found for one or more loci in an individual.
The phenotype refers to how the genes and alleles interact to produce a physical trait in an organism.
In this case, one parent can produce two types of gametes (D and d), whereas the other parent can only produce d gametes.
Learn more about genotypes here:
brainly.com/question/22117
The relationship that exists between tides and time is that as night come tides expand and in the daytime tides contract
Cat (Australia); lots of cats became feral and they reproduce very fast. They became the apex predator and the native species have no defense system for them, so the cats brought tens of species on the verge of extinction (mainly placental mammals).
Fox (Australia); became an apex predator in the lack of competition, and damages the populations of native small placental mammals.
Hair (Australia); reproduces much quicker than the native species of mammals, increased significantly in numbers, and out competes the native species for the food sources.
African bee (the Americas); much more aggressive and stronger than the native bees and systematically kills their populations.
Grey squirrel (Britain); reproduces quicker than the red squirrel, is bigger, and out competes for food, brought it on the verge of extinction.
