Answer:
The correct answer is option A. "They only introduce supercoiling and cannot relax a covalently closed circular DNA".
Explanation:
Type II topoisomerases are enzymes that regulate the winding an unwinding of DNA during DNA replication. Basically, these enzymes are the scissor that remove the knots and tangles formed during the replication process. Is false to affirm that type II topoisomerases only introduce supercoiling and cannot relax a covalently closed circular DNA. Bacterial type II DNA topoisomerases work with the circular DNA of bacterium by changing the linking number of circular DNA by ±2.
Answer:
Proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely attached molecules that can move around
Explanation:
Cell membranes are mainly composed of lipids, proteins, and also carbohydrates. Phospholipids are the most abundant type of lipid and the main constituent of the cell membranes. Membrane proteins are divided into two types according to their interactions with the cell membrane: 1-integral (intrinsic) and peripheral (extrinsic) proteins. These peripheral proteins are loosely attached by ionic bonds or calcium bridges with the phosphate heads of the phospholipids; whereas integral membrane proteins contain side chains that interact with fatty acyl groups of the phospholipids. Cell membrane fluidity indicates how easily lipids (e.g., phospholipids and cholesterol) and proteins (e.g., intrinsic proteins) diffuse laterally in the cell membrane. This fluidity is affected by the amount of cholesterol, temperature, and the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain, whereas unsaturated fatty acids have at least one double bond (these double bonds increase fluidity). Moreover, higher temperatures increase membrane fluidity, whereas cholesterol molecules function to regulate membrane fluidity: at high temperatures cholesterol molecules stabilize the membrane, whereas at low temperatures intercalate between phospholipids, thereby preventing them from clustering together.
Answer:
Glycolysis.
Explanation:
Glycolysis is a universal process that provides energy in the form of ATP molecules. It requires two molecules of NAD+, which are reduced to NADH during glycolysis. Thus, regeneration of NAD+ is necessary as if NAD+ is absent, glycolysis cannot be able to continue.
During anaerobic respiration (respiration in the absence of oxygen), fermentation takes place to regenerate NAD+ used in the process of glycolysis.
C. When you take a step, the ground pushes back on your foot with the same amount of force. If it pushed back with less, your foot would go through the floor; if it pushed back with more, it would actually push your foot off the ground. But they're in opposite directions; your foot pushes down, while the ground pushes up.
Hope this helps!
Answer:
Your correct answer is B.
Explanation:
