Q = recessive allele frequency = 0.3, and thus in H-W equilibrium there are ONLY two alleles, q (recessive) and p (dominant). Therefore all of the p and q present for this gene in a population must account for 100% of this gene's alleles. And 100% = 1.00. So p, the dominant allele frequency, must be equal to 1 - q --> p = 1 - q p = 1 - 0.3 = 0.7. Since heterozygotes are a combination of the p and q, we must again look at the frequencies of each genotype: p + q = 1, then (p+q)^2 = 1^2 So multiplying out (p+q)(p+q) = 1, we get: p^2+2pq+q^2 = 1 (all genotypes), where p^2 = frequency of homozygous dominant individuals, 2pq = frequency of heterozygous individuals, and q^2 = frequency of homozygous recessive individuals. Therefore if the population is in H-W equilibrium, then the expected frequency of heterozygous individuals = 2pq = 2(0.7)(0.3) 2pq = 2(0.21) = 0.42, or 42% of the population. Hope that helps you to understand how to solve population genetics problems!
