Water vapor , you need a liquid to have acid rain-(rain is water btw)
By definition, the phenotype is the actual physical manifestation of an organism's genotype, so the way an organism looks or behaves is what is being selected on. For example, if ladybugs have red (R) shells or yellow (r) shells and ladybug-eating birds only eat the ones with red shells, any red-shelled ladybugs will be selected against based only on their phenotype. The birds do not know whether each bug is RR, Rr, of rr, so phenotype, not genotype, is what is affected by natural selection.
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bone is awalys thivk and heavy
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The preceding section reviewed the major metabolic reactions by which the cell obtains and stores energy in the form of ATP. This metabolic energy is then used to accomplish various tasks, including the synthesis of macromolecules and other cell constituents. Thus, energy derived from the breakdown of organic molecules (catabolism) is used to drive the synthesis of other required components of the cell. Most catabolic pathways involve the oxidation of organic molecules coupled to the generation of both energy (ATP) and reducing power (NADH). In contrast, biosynthetic (anabolic) pathways generally involve the use of both ATP and reducing power (usually in the form of NADPH) for the production of new organic compounds. One major biosynthetic pathway, the synthesis of carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O during the dark reactions of photosynthesis, was discussed in the preceding section. Additional pathways leading to the biosynthesis of major cellular constituents (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) are reviewed in the sections that follow.
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Carbohydrates
In addition to being obtained directly from food or generated by photosynthesis, glucose can be synthesized from other organic molecules. In animal cells, glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) usually starts with lactate (produced by anaerobic glycolysis), amino acids (derived from the breakdown of proteins), or glycerol (produced by the breakdown of lipids). Plants (but not animals) are also able to synthesize glucose from fatty acids—a process that is particularly important during the germination of seeds, when energy stored as fats must be converted to carbohydrates to support growth of the plant. In both animal and plant cells, simple sugars are polymerized and stored as polysaccharides.
Gluconeogenesis involves the conversion of pyruvate to glucose—essentially the reverse of glycolysis. However, as discussed earlier, the glycolytic conversion of glucose to pyruvate is an energy-yielding pathway, generating two molecules each of ATP and NADH. Although some reactions of glycolysis are readily reversible, others will proceed only in the direction of glucose breakdown, because they are associated with a large decrease in free energy. These energetically favorable reactions of glycolysis are bypassed during gluconeogenesis by other reactions (catalyzed by different enzymes) that are coupled to the expenditure of ATP and NADH in order to drive them in the direction of glucose synthesis. Overall, the generation of glucose from two molecules of pyruvate requires four molecules of ATP, two of GTP, and two of NADH. This process is considerably more costly than the simple reversal of glycolysis (which would require two molecules of ATP and two of NADH), illustrating the additional energy required to drive the pathway in the direction of biosynthesis.
There should be options for this question. I manged to find them elsewhere. They are:
A) the period during which tremendous growth occurs and the organs continue to develop and become functional
B) the period during which the umbilical cord develops
C) the period during which the major organs and structures of the organism first develop
D) the period during which the zygote moves down to the uterus and begins to implant in the lining
The correct answer is C. The embryonic period is the period during which the major organs and structures of the organism first develop. The embryonic period lasts from implantation of the egg in the uterus until about 8 weeks from the time of conception. It is the second major stage of prenatal development, prior to embryonic is the germinal stage and lastly is the fetal stage.
