D. Plants have adapted to deal with the sun in many different ways, and this is one. The stomata are regulated by guard cells, which are activated by different things depending on the species of plant, and guard cells are supposed to keep the stomata from staying open all the time and losing too much water to evaporation. So, the solution is to have the stomata on the bottom of the leaf to prevent direct sunlight contact (and therefore more evaporation), and guard cells to protect the stomata.
Sunlight is the energy source :)
Heart rate is controlled by the two branches of the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) releases the hormones (catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine) to accelerate the heart rate.
