Cause living things can not directly use most of matter which they found in nature. For example carbon, all organism use carbon in complex structure, that is in compound or macromolecule(glucose,fructose,amino acid). we can not directly earn ATP from C which we found in soil/other sources.
Answer:
Transporting Electrons
As the high-energy electrons are transported along the chains, some of their energy is captured. This energy is used to pump hydrogen ions (from NADH and FADH2) across the inner membrane, from the matrix into the intermembrane space. Electron transport in a mitochondrion is shown in Figure below.
Explanation:
Claim: No tools to discover the impending Cell Theory.
Reasoning:
Schleiden and Schwann, as well as Virchow, are generally seen as the founders of the cell theory, due to their pioneering scientific work in the 1800s. The unified cell theory states that: all living things are composed of one or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of life; and new cells arise from existing cells.
Evidence: The cell theory has many complexities and is of importance due to its affect to nearly every aspect of biology, from our comprehension of life & death, managing diseases, cycles and etc. But early scientists had no tools to study cells. They didn't even know about them. It took the invention of the microscope to view them and to begin an understanding of cells.
(Two Dutch spectacle-makers and father-and-son team, Hans and Zacharias Janssen, create the first microscope.) Matthias Schleiden observed that all plants were made of cells from the microscope and Theodor Schwann observed that all animals were also made of cells. Rudolf Virchow observed that cells only come from other cells Virchow saw cells dividing and added that living cells arise only from other living cells. These ideas led to cell theory, which states that all organisms are made of cells, all life functions occur in cells, and all cells come from other cells.
Answer:
The correct answer is A. Substrate-level phosphorylation
Explanation:
During the substrate-level phosphorylation, phosphoryl group is directly added to ADP or GDP to form ATP or GTP from phosphorylated intermediate rather than from inorganic phosphate like in case of oxidative phosphorylation.
So in glycolysis 4 ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation. Apart from the 4 ATP, 2NADH are also produced during the glycolysis which is used during the oxidative phosphorylation and produce 4-6 ATP.
So ATP made during glycolysis is generated by substrate-level phosphorylation as ATP is produced by direct addition of phosphoryl group from intermediates.
