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Aneli [31]
3 years ago
14

Define mutation and mutagen.

Biology
1 answer:
Nina [5.8K]3 years ago
4 0
Mutations. Definition. A Mutation occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene. A Mutagen is an agent of substance that can bring about a permanent alteration to the physical composition of a DNA gene such that the genetic message is changed.
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Which would probably have the greatest effect on a protein's function—a change to the primary, secondary, or tertiary structure?
Alja [10]

Answer:

There are 20 different standard L-α-amino acids used by cells for protein construction. Amino acids, as their name indicates, contain both a basic amino group and an acidic carboxyl group. This difunctionality allows the individual amino acids to join in long chains by forming peptide bonds: amide bonds between the -NH2 of one amino acid and the -COOH of another. Sequences with fewer than 50 amino acids are generally referred to as peptides, while the terms, protein and polypeptide, are used for longer sequences. A protein can be made up of one or more polypeptide molecules. The end of the peptide or protein sequence with a free carboxyl group is called the carboxy-terminus or C-terminus. The terms, amino-terminus and N-terminus, describe the end of the sequence with a free α-amino group.

The amino acids differ in structure by the substituent on their side chains. These side chains confer different chemical, physical, and structural properties to the final peptide or protein. The structures of the 20 amino acids commonly found in proteins are shown in Figure 1. Each amino acid has both a one-letter and three-letter abbreviation. These abbreviations are commonly used to simplify the written sequence of a peptide or protein.

figure1-Protein-Structure

Depending on the side-chain substituent, an amino acid can be classified as being acidic, basic or neutral. Although 20 amino acids are required for synthesis of various proteins found in humans, we can synthesize only ten. The remaining 10 are called essential amino acids and must be obtained in the diet.

The amino acid sequence of a protein is encoded in DNA. Proteins are synthesized by a series of steps called transcription (the use of a DNA strand to make a complimentary messenger RNA strand – mRNA) and translation (the mRNA sequence is used as a template to guide the synthesis of the chain of amino acids which make up the protein). Often, post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation or phosphorylation, occur which are necessary for the biological function of the protein. While the amino acid sequence makes up the primary structure of the protein, the chemical/biological properties of the protein are very much dependent on the three-dimensional or tertiary structure.

5 0
3 years ago
The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains
vesna_86 [32]
The spinal ganglia or dorsal root ganglia contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons entering the cord at that region. nerve - a group of fibers (axons) outside the CNS. The spinal nerves contain the fibers of the sensory and motor neurons.

Hope this helps!:)
8 0
3 years ago
I’ll give brainliest :) !!<br><br> Root hairs, a part of the root tissue system, does what?
Furkat [3]

Answer:

The third option is correct.

Hope this helps.

7 0
2 years ago
Plants make their own food and are called producers. What do plants need to make their own food? A) soil, air and water B) soil,
djyliett [7]

Answer:

D) energy from the sun, air, and water

Explanation:

Plants are producers because they undergo photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process of taking sunlight, CO2, and water to produce ATP in the form of glucose and oxygen.

For plants to make their own food they require the reactants of photosynthesis. The reactants are sunlight+6CO_2 + 6H_2O. In other words, sunlight, carbon dioxide (air), and water. Without these reactants, photosynthesis cannot occur.

Things such as soil and fertilizer are helpful to a plant's growth; however, they are not required in the process that creates food for plants.

3 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
A student is trying to find out if people prefer vanilla ice cream or chocolate ice cream. She buys several
tiny-mole [99]

Answer:

B. Experimental Bias because she she bought chocolate, but then she bought lowfat vanilla ice cream unknowingly. Therefore, the people liked more of the chocolate ice cream.

Hope this helped :3

Explanation:

4 0
3 years ago
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