First-pass effect.
The first-pass effect involves drugs that are given PO and absorbed from the small intestine directly into the portal venous system, which delivers the drug molecules to the liver. Once in the liver, enzymes break the drug into metabolites; they may become active or may be deactivated and readily excreted from the body. A large percentage of the oral dose is usually destroyed and never reaches tissues. Oral dosages account for this phenomenon to ensure an appropriate amount of the drug in the body to produce a therapeutic action. Passive diffusion is the major process through which drugs are absorbed into the body. Active transport is a process that uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane and is often involved in drug excretion in the kidney. Glomerular filtration is the passage of water and water-soluble components from the plasma into the renal tubule.
Answer:
Mammals first appeared
Explanation:
The dinosaurs became extinct one million years after the Cenozoic era started. The mammals first appeared as the modern culture first appeared in that era.
11. Is B. Ways scientists communicate results
12. Is B. A globe
13. Is A. True
Hope they're all correct!
Answer: 3
Explanation:
Given :
numC = 12
while numC > 3:
numC = numC / 2
Initial value of numC = 12
The condition checks if the value of numC is greater than 12, only then will the statement be executed and the loop isn't altered
numC = 12 is greater Than 3 ;
numC = numC/2 = 12/2 = 6
numC is now 6 ;
numC = 6 is greater than 3
numC = numC / 2 = 6/2
numC is now 3
numC = 3 is not greater than 3 ; hence, loop terminates (condition isn't met)
Hence , numC = 3
