Answer:
When a sodium atom transfers an electron to a chlorine atom, forming a sodium cation (Na+) and a chloride anion (Cl-), both ions have complete valence shells, and are energetically more stable. The reaction is extremely exothermic, producing a bright yellow light and a great deal of heat energy.
Answer:

Explanation:
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In this case, the undergoing chemical reaction is:

Next, we compute the reacting moles of each reactants:


Then, as magnesium and hydrohloric acid are in a 1:2 molar ratio 0.153 moles of magnesium will completely react with 0.306 moles of hydrochloric acid yet we only have 0.144 moles, therefore, limiting reactant is hydrochloric acid. Thus, we compute the produced moles of hydrogen:

Finally, we use the ideal gas equation with T=298K and 1atm (STP conditions) to compute the liters of hydrogen gas:

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No, when ascending, you would weigh more, and when you descend, you weigh less.
This is due to the difference in the effect of gravity.