Answer:
C) A low-density, cool gas in isolation creates a continuous spectrum.
Explanation:
Kirchhoff’s laws established that:
- A solid, liquid or dense incandescent gas emits a continuous spectrum.
- A hot and diffuse gas produces bright spectral lines (emission lines).
- A gas of lower temperature against a source of continuum spectrum, produces dark spectral lines (absorption lines) superposed in the continuum spectrum.
Stars are perfect examples for Kirchhoff’s laws. Since in the case of the stars, the photons that are received are not directly from the nucleus, but those that have traveled hundreds of thousands of years to reach the stellar atmosphere. Due to the stars are not at homogeneous temperature, density and pressure, but have gradients in different layers because of the nuclear reactions, superficial gravity or to its constant exchange of heat with its surroundings in an attempt to reach the thermodynamic equilibrium, the continuum observed in the stellar spectra comes from the inner layer of the photosphere, while absorption lines are formed in the outer layer of the photosphere and the stellar atmosphere. More accurately, a photon of the inner layer of the photosphere will be absorbed by an electron of an atom or ion that is in the outer layer, generating an electronic transition¹, the electron, upon returning to its base state will emit a photon or a series of photons that will not necessarily go in the same direction of the incident photon, creating an absorption line in the stellar spectrum.
On the other hand, in the case where the stars have surrounding material (diffuse gas), the atoms, molecules or ions in the medium are excited by the radiation that comes from the stellar atmosphere, thus producing an emission spectrum.
Key terms:
¹Electronic transition: When an electron passes from one energy level to another, either for the emission or absorption of a photon.
Both, there are two different types of molecules to distinguish that
Answer:
Explanation:
Work is the product of force and distance.
We know the force to lift the rock was 50 Newtons. The work was 150 Joules.
- 1 Joule is equal to 1 Newton meters.
- We can convert the units to make the problem simpler later. The work is also 150 Newton meters.
Substitute the values into the formula.
We want to solve for distance, so we must isolate the variable. Divide both sides of the equation by 50 Newtons.
The Newtons will cancel out.
The rock was lifted <u>3 meters.</u>
The color green is the the color of light in the visible spectrum which appears the brightest, but with proper illumination, the color green-yellow appears to be the brightest, with the human eye having the maximum sensitivity of 555nn
