Adhesive pili, exotoxins, and capsules are all microbial factors that help them establish infection. these are examples of virulence factors.
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What is the mechanism of infection?</h3>
- Microbes encounter epithelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes of barriers established by mucosae, mucocutaneous junctions, or skin as they enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, direct contact, cutaneous penetration, and ascending infection.
- Capsules are believed to play a part in the pathogenicity and colonization of a variety of pathogenic bacteria due to their exposure to the environment.
- Capsules can hinder host cell phagocytosis, stop complement-mediated lysis, and stop bacterial desiccation.
- Typically hear about three main categories of germs: bacteria, viruses, and fungus.
- Since most capsules inhibit water loss, they may aid in the bacterium's ability to avoid desiccation.
- A bacterial cell can be shielded by a capsule from white blood cells' digestion and obliteration.
- By inhibiting pathogen-associated molecular patterns or from binding to endocytic pattern-recognition receptors on the surface of the phagocytes, capsules can avoid unenhanced adhesion.
- Some bacteria's capsules obstruct the body's complement pathway defenses.
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Answer:
No organisms
Explanation:
This is because the kind of symbiotic relationship between plants root and microbes is mutualism. In this relationship both organism s benefit and non is harmed. The microbes make nutrients available for the root, it increase root permeability and also root metabolism while the roots provide home for the microbes and Al's derives food.
Answer:
inhibits ADH release
Explanation:
Alcoll inhibits the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), or vasopressin, into the neurohypophysis, resulting in less water absorption in the distal tubules and collectors in the kidney and, consequently, increased urination and more diluted urine. The major metabolite of ethyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, also inhibits ADH secretion. Suppressive changes in aldosterone and renin concentrations are also observed, as adequate levels of these hormones regulate the absorption of water and nutrients in the kidneys. For this reason, drinking alcohol causes an increase in urine output.
Earthquakes are common along the edge of the oceanic and continental plates.