Answer:
CCAGGCC
CCATCGA
GGCCATC
CAT
AGGCCAT
CATCGAG
Explanation:
Shotgun sequencing is a method used to determine the nucleotide sequence of entire chromosomes/genomes. This sequencing method consists of obtaining random DNA fragments which are subsequently classified by bioinformatic tools that ordering them according to overlapping sequences called contigs. In the whole-genome shotgun (WGS) technique, the entire genome of an organism is sequenced, being the critical factor the depth of sequencing, which refers to the quality of the sequencing reads (e.g., a depth of 20X indicates that the genome is sequenced 20 times by a sequencing machine). For the human genome, WGS became available after the completion of the Human Genome Project (HGP), which enabled the generation of a reference sequence for the whole human genome. The steps of the WGS technique are the following:
1. Preparation of isolated chromosomes
2. The DNA is sheared into small fragments
3. The DNA fragments of about 1 kilobase (1000 base pairs) are incorporated into plasmids which are cloned to render pure samples of each DNA fragment
4. The plasmid clones are sequenced by sequencing machines
5. Bioinformatic tools finally are used to link DNA fragments by their overlapping ends
Answer:
Option D, Gastric Juices
Explanation:
The second line of defense is a non specific defense mechanism in which no specific individual is targeted but all invaders are killed in general way. Some common mode of second line of defense are - Phagocytic cells (white blood cells), inflammatory responses, macrophage system etc. The second line of defense comes into action when the invader has surpassed the first line of defense which include either physical barrier like skin, mucous membrane, hair, cilia etc. or chemical barriers like gastric juices, saliva, Hyaluronic acid etc.
Hence, gastric juice does not belong to second line of defense.
Thus, option D is correct.
Answer: c. proteasome
Explanation:
Proteasomes are extremely important multi-catalytic proteases and are involved in various cellular functions. The proteasome is an essential component of eukaryotic cells and is responsible for the ATP-dependent proteolytic degradation of most cellular proteins. They are present in the nucleus and cytosol and can represent up to 1% of total cell proteins. Proteasomes generally degrade proteins to small peptides, most of which are rapidly hydrolyzed by cytoplasmic exopeptidases. It catalyzes the rapid degradation of many enzymes, regulatory proteins, and eliminates abnormal proteins resulting from mutation or damaged proteins. The inability of this cellular organelle can lead to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson´s disease.
Tall parents can have a short child, short parents can have a tall child , and two parents of the same height may have a child in between?