Anxiety, overexcitement, inability to focus, poor coordination, and shaking are common side effects of substance abuse. The class of drugs includes cocaine, nicotine, ecstasy, and amphetamines.However, any drug when used that can cause euphoria or feeling “high” can become a drug of abuse.
* More than 40 proteins and glycoproteins involved in the complement system are synthesized by the liver, macrophages, epithelial cells, they are present in the blood in plasmatic form, membrane, some have an enzymatic activity, regulator or membrane receptorThese are elements of the humoral innate immune response, they fight infections, purify immune complexes and apoptotic bodies.
<span>There are indeed three ways to activate the complement:</span>
Classical pathway: Activated by Immunoglobulins in immune complexes, aggregated Immunoglobulins, DNA, CRP, apoptotic bodies .......it involves nine fractions, starting with C1, then C4, C2, C3, to form a classical C5 convertase, then, activation of C5, C6, C7, C8, C9.
Alternative pathway: activated by polysaccharides (bacterial endotoxin), vascular wall poor in sialic acid, aggregated IgE ...C3b like is the first component in the alternate channel cascade, it will create an amplification loop, and form an alternative C5 convertase.
Lecithin pathway: Activated by mannose, fucose (carbohydrate of microorganisms)The first component is the complex MBL / MASP1 / MASP2: "mannose-binding protein": works according to the same principle as the complex C1 of the classical way (MASP2 cleaves the C4 and the rest of the cascade is equivalent to that of the classical way).
the three ways have the same outcome: A C5 convertase (formed by one of the pathways) cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b: C5b is deposited far from other fractions on the antigenic surface. The fixation of C5b in the cell is followed by that of C6, C7, C8, and C9 (9 molecules of C9): formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) ==> Death of the cell by osmotic shock
Answer:
Eukaryotic ATP production usually takes place in the mitochondria of the cell.
Explanation:
This ATP production by the mitochondria is done by the process of respiration, which in essence is the use of oxygen in a process which generates energy. Most of the ATP of a eukaryotic organism is made in the mitochondria during the last phase of cellular respiration that is called the electron transport chain (ETC). A mitochondrion is an organelle within a eukaryotic cell.
Answer:
The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system
Explanation:
The endocrine system is a organ system that produce and secrete hormones all over the body. All the organ systems are interconnected and depend on each other and can be composed of different types of cells and tissues. But is it true that the immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system because the lymphatic system rid the body out of toxins.
C. nerve cells.............................
