Answer:
After a volcanic eruption or earthquake, primary succession occurs when lichens break down rocks to generate new, nutrient-rich soils. Pioneer species are the first species to colonize an area following a severe disturbance, and they assist to shape the new habitat.
Explanation:
Judicial review<span> is the doctrine under which legislative and executive </span>actions<span> are subject to </span>review<span> by the </span>judiciary<span>. A court with </span>judicial review<span> power may invalidate laws and decisions that are incompatible with a higher authority, such as the terms of a written constitution.</span>
