In this example, john's whistling is serving as a discriminative stimulus.
This procedure, studied by Ivan Pavlov, shows a stimulus ( in this case the action of John's whistling) and a response ( the cattle run to the food trough).
Pavlov studied it with dogs. He realised that when a trainer fed them, dogs salivated. So, he presented the dogs with a "stimulus" ( the sound of a metronome) and when he gave the dogs food. After a few repetitions, when the dog listened to the stimulus, it salivated.
In that statement, Jhon functions as a <em><u>discriminatory stimulus.</u></em>
<h2>Further explanation</h2>
Several terms need to be explained in stimulus-response theory in social science, including the following:
A stimulus is an event that occurs both outside and inside the human body that causes a change in behavior.
The response is a change caused by a stimulus.
Encouragement is a strength in someone's din which if it has reached its maximum strength will cause that person to do something. There are 2 (two) types of impulses in humans, namely primary impulse and secondary impulse. Primary impulses are innate drives like hunger, thirst, pain, and sex. Secondary impulses are social motivations and are learned, for example, encouragement for wages, praise, attention and so on.
The stimulus has <em><u>3 functions</u></em>, namely generating, discriminating, and reinforcement. which will be explained below:
Awakening: a stimulus that evokes, is a stimulus that immediately gives a response. For example, food directly raises the saliva of people who see it when hungry.
Discrimination: discriminatory stimulus, is a stimulus that does not directly cause a response but is only a sign of generating stimulus. For example, hearing a whistle. When the bird hears no reaction whatsoever, only after seeing the breeder appear the birds arrive.
Reinforcement: is a stimulus that has positive or negative consequences on the formation of responses. Positive reinforcement is a stimulus that if given will strengthen the response behavior. For example, a child who helps others then gets praise and gifts, so he will tend to repeat the behavior of helping him in the future. Negative reinforcement is a stimulus that if not given or stopped giving, will strengthen the response. For example, a child who is overweight and is always teased by his friend is no longer ridiculed by his friend when he achieves in class / becomes class champion. Then he will repeat and improve his academic achievement.
<span>To prevent racial integration from occurring at the university of alabama, governor George Wallace </span><span>blocked the door to the institution.. George Wallace was known one of the biggest supporters for the Segregation. He believed that white and minorities students should never be allowed to study in the same room.</span>
Drought in the Sahel in the 1970s and 1980s made it look like the desert was expanding, because the reduction of rainfall at the desert margin (the Sahel) caused a reduction in vegetation. Warm, moist air rises near the equator, then cools and condenses its moisture, which falls as rain or snow
<h3>d. harvest crops but not cut down and sell the timber.</h3>
Explanation:
The leasehold agreement provides a number of exclusive rights to the lessee such as to use or make use of the land for a period of time as specified in the agreement.
These rights, however, may also be stipulated between the owner and the lessee while signing the contract.
The use of land for harvesting crops by the lessee in an outright right that he/she by the virtue of the agreement. However, to cut down trees or for that purpose even clearing large forest areas may not be allowed by the owner.
These issues are normally negotiated with the owner. If the owner agrees, the lessee can cut down trees for sell under certain conditions such as split of profit, compensation, etc.
