Answer: n-Butanol are converted using SN2 and tert-butanol is converted using SN1
Explanation: For the conversion of n-butanol into butyl chloride using Hydrogen Chloride the reaction would follow SN2 mechanism.
SN2 reaction mechanism occurs only in the case of primary substrates as it is a one step mechanism that happens in a concerted manner. It involves backside attack of nucleophile on the substrate such that the nucleophile attacks from the back side and leaving group leaves from the front side.
In this reaction since hydroxy group (OH) is not a good leaving group hence firstly we need to convert it into a good leaving group. When we treat n-butanol with HCl hydroxy group is protonated and now it turns into a good leaving group as it can leave as H₂O.
Cl⁻ here acts as nucleophile and now attacks the primary carbon center from the back side which contains the protonated hydroxy group as a leaving group.
In the case of tertiary butanol the reaction follows SN1 mechanism and it is 2 step mechanism.
In the first step hydroxy group is protonated and as it becomes a good leaving group it leaves and leads to the formation of a stable tertiary carbocation as an intermediate.
In the second step this intermediate carbocation is attacked by the Cl⁻ nucleophile which leads to the formation of tertiary butyl chloride.
Kindly find in attachment the reaction mechanism for both the reactions.
Answer:
Group 1
because they have just one valance electron, group 1 elements are very reactiv.
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Diffusion uses the concentration gradient that has been set up, this is a naturally occurring phenomena, and using a diffusion gradient some small particles can cross over the cell membrane. Some bigger or polar molecules require facilitated diffusion to move these molecules across the membrane.
Facilitated diffusion still uses the gradient for passive transport. This means that ATP is not used to transport molecules.
The reason that glucose will not move into the cell via passive transport is because there is a higher concentration of glucose inside the cell, meaning it needs active transport to move glucose (against the concentration gradient) into the cell.
J. J. Thomson discovered electron by performing an experiment using cathode ray tubes. High voltage across is applied across two electrodes at that causes a beam of particles to flow from the the negatively-charged electrode that is cathode to the positively-charged electrode that is anode. Properties of the particles, are tested using two oppositely-charged electric plates around the cathode ray. The cathode ray was deflected away from the negatively-charged electric plate and towards the positively-charged plate. This indicated that the cathode ray was composed of negatively-charged particles. And these negatively charged particles are called electrons.
IM IN THAT CLASS TOO
Im abt to do it and ill send u all the answers when im
done, add me on sxxap or instaxxxgram so i can send it to u
my userneamen both: Bellaberrygood