The <u>Henderson-Hasselbalch equation</u> and pKa can be used to determine the % ionization if it is assumed that the amino and carboxyl groups are not preventing ionization.
- aspartate at ph 5.4 = 98.3%
- glutamate at ph 11.8 = 100%
- histidine at ph 8.0 = 99%
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation- Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation to determine the pH of a solution. Knowing the pH of a solution is particularly significant for many chemical processes as well as for biological systems. The estimated pH value of a buffer solution may be determined using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
pH- A solution's acidity or alkalinity may be determined based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution, or pH. Typically, the pH scale runs from 0 to 14.
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physical activity by Elena
The organisms which appeared on earth first was bacteria.
<u>Explanation:</u>
- The first-ever living organism on Earth was a bacteria known as cyanobacteria. It is believed by scientists that it first formed around 3 billion years ago.
- When the Earth was first formed, it was inhospitable for a long time until 3.8 billion years ago approximately, the core cooled down and the level of oxygen had risen. This, along with photosynthesis resulted in the formation of Cyanobacteria.
- These organisms were capable of carrying out the process of photosynthesis by which they prepared their food. These were known as common ancestors. All the living organisms thereafter are known to be their descendants.
Answer: hope this helps
Explanation: A single-replacement reaction is a reaction in which one element replaces a similar element in a compound. The general form of a single-replacement (also called single-displacement) reaction is:
A+BC \rightarrow AC+B
In this general reaction, element Ais a metal and replaces element B, also a metal, in the compound. When the element that is doing the replacing is a nonmetal, it must replace another nonmetal in a compound, and the general equation becomes:
Y+XZ \rightarrow XY+Z
Yis a nonmetal and replaces the nonmetal Zin the compound with X.
Metal Replacement
Magnesium is a more reactive metal than copper. When a strip of magnesium metal is placed in an aqueous solution of copper(II) nitrate, it replaces the copper. The products of the reaction are aqueous magnesium nitrate and solid copper metal.
\text{Mg}(s)+\text{Cu(NO}_3)_2(aq) \rightarrow \text{Mg(NO}_3)_2 (aq) + \text{Cu}(s)
This subcategory of single-replacement reactions is called a metal replacement reaction because it is a metal that is being replaced (copper).
Answer:
Explanation:
An autopsy is a routine procedure, usually conducted to determine a person's cause of death. Toxicology tests are usually ordered when someone is the victim of a crime, dies unexpectedly or dies for no obvious reason. The purpose of those is to determine if the deceased was under the influence.
to understand the cause of death