Answer:
Plants and animals assimilate carbon-14 from carbon dioxide throughout their life. When they die, they stop exchanging carbon with the biosphere and their carbon-14 content begins to decrease at a rate determined by the law of radioactive decay.
Radiocarbon dating is basically a method designed to measure residual radioactivity.
Explanation:
Carbon-14 is a weakly radioactive carbon isotope; It is also known as radiocarbon, and is an isotopic stopwatch.
Radiocarbon dating is only applicable to organic materials and some inorganic materials (not applicable to metals).
Proportional gas counting, liquid scintillation counting, and accelerator mass spectrometry are the three main methods of radiocarbon dating.
The radiocarbon, or carbon-14, is an isotope of the carbon element that is unstable and weakly radioactive. The stable isotopes are carbon-12 and carbon-13.
Carbon 14 is continuously formed in the upper atmosphere by the effect of cosmic ray neutrons on nitrogen-14 atoms, rapidly oxidizing in the air to form carbon dioxide and entering the global carbon cycle.
Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a modern method of radiocarbon dating that is considered the most efficient way to measure the radiocarbon content of a sample. In this method, the content of carbon-14 is measured directly in relation to carbon-12 and carbon-13 present. The method does not take into account beta particles, but the number of carbon atoms present in the sample and the proportion of the isotopes.
Answer and Explanation:
The regular synthetic denaturant of proteins is urea. The high grouping of urea causes unfolding of protein and accordingly brings about loss of capacity of protein. The urea communicates with the protein and counteracts collapsing of protein.
During oxidation, the disufide bonds that are required for legitimate working and adjustment of protein are shaped, while in nearness of urea, the disulfide bonds are not situated effectively. The protein oxidation brings about covalent adjustment of protein that outcomes in change of physical and substance properties of protein.
The difference in physical and chemical properties of protein after oxidation and in nearness of urea can't be altered even after expulsion of urea. Along these lines, protein doesn't crease appropriately.
<span>In DNA adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) & cytosine (C) with guanine (G), so if 28% is guanine, then there is also 28% of C, totaling 56%. This leaves 44% which must be split evenly between A and T, so there is 22% thymine (as well as 22% adenine)</span>
Answer:
3
Explanation:
I think it is 3 because all other ones don't effect all types of species while three makes the most sense
