Surely only a few of us know that many modern high-school-level concepts in mathematics first were developed in Africa, as was the first method of counting. More than 35,000 years ago, Egyptians scripted textbooks about math that included division and multiplication of fractions and geometric formulas to calculate the area and volume of shapes (3). Distances and angles were calculated, algebraic equations were solved and mathematically based predictions were made of the size of floods of the Nile. The ancient Egyptians considered a circle to have 360 degrees and estimated Π at 3.16 (3).
Eight thousand years ago, people in present-day Zaire developed their own numeration system, as did Yoruba people in what is now Nigeria. The Yoruba system was based on units of 20 (instead of 10) and required an impressive amount of subtraction to identify different numbers. Scholars have lauded this system, as it required much abstract reasoning (4).
Astronomy
Several ancient African cultures birthed discoveries in astronomy. Many of these are foundations on which we still rely, and some were so advanced that their mode of discovery still cannot be understood. Egyptians charted the movement of the sun and constellations and the cycles of the moon. They divided the year into 12 parts and developed a yearlong calendar system containing 365 ¼ days (3). Clocks were made with moving water and sundial-like clocks were used (3).
A structure known as the African Stonehenge in present-day Kenya (constructed around 300 B.C.) was a remarkably accurate calendar (5). The Dogon people of Mali amassed a wealth of detailed astronomical observations (6). Many of their discoveries were so advanced that some modern scholars credit their discoveries instead to space aliens or unknown European travelers, even though the Dogon culture is steeped in ceremonial tradition centered on several space events. The Dogon knew of Saturn’s rings, Jupiter’s moons, the spiral structure of the Milky Way and the orbit of the Sirius star system. Hundreds of years ago, they plotted orbits in this system accurately through the year 1990 (6). They knew this system contained a primary star and a secondary star (now called Sirius B) of immense density and not visible to the naked eye.
Metallurgy and tools
Many advances in metallurgy and tool making were made across the entirety of ancient Africa. These include steam engines, metal chisels and saws, copper and iron tools and weapons, nails, glue, carbon steel and bronze weapons and art (2, 7).
Advances in Tanzania, Rwanda and Uganda between 1,500 and 2,000 years ago surpassed those of Europeans then and were astonishing to Europeans when they learned of them. Ancient Tanzanian furnaces could reach 1,800°C — 200 to 400°C warmer than those of the Romans (8).
Answer: D is correct
Explanation: A is not correct because English rule in Normandy ended already in Middle Ages, B is not correct because American revolution preceded the French revolution, C is not correct because "Enlightenment" was an international cultural movement that transcended political events. The end of French revolution is not always clear. Some put it in 1804, some in 1814 or 1815. But Latinamerican emancipatory movement inspired by the French revolution started long before 1814-15.
(1). Woodrow Wilson. His basic ideal was to avoid global conflict.
(2). Paul von Hindenburg. He was a Prussian general. Hindenburg led a German army to a complete success at the Battle of Tannenburg.
(3). Tsar Nicholas II. He was the last remaining Russian emperor. Tsar Nicholas II was the one who approved Russia's entry in WWI.
(4). Winston Churchill. The first lord of the Admiralty. He resigned in 1915 because of his unsuccessful role in the Gallipoli campaign.
(5). Kaiser Wilhelm II. He was the last German emperor.
There are many more important people in WWI, But here is a few. I hope this helps.
Have a wonderful rest of the day.
1st all black regimen, but lead by a white man
Answer:The sovereignty of God was "Calvin's most central doctrine. It means that nothing is left to chance or human free will." ... He writes "By predestination we mean the eternal decree of God, by which he determined with himself whatever he wished to happen with regard to every man.
Explanation:
