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Vlad1618 [11]
3 years ago
13

Explain, in terms of particle behavior why smoke particles cause the detector alarm to sound

Chemistry
2 answers:
Rudik [331]3 years ago
8 0
Explain in terms of particle behavior why smoke particles cause the detector alarm to sound


Smoke detectors are of many types but they rely on the principle of diffusion of smoke. Diffusion is the movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration. Smoke particles move in what is known as Brownian motion.
egoroff_w [7]3 years ago
5 0
Americium-241 is used in a smoke detector because of its decay mechanism. As A-241 decays, it releases energy that temporarily ionizes the oxygen present in the air. This ionization allows the air to conduct an electrical charge from the battery delivery to the alarm between particles, keeping it from sounding. When smoke enters the alarm, the oxygen concentration drops as smoke replaces the molecules in the air. Smoke cannot be ionized, and the current to the alarm drops, causing the alarm to begin ringing.
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Explanation:

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3 years ago
explain why the first ionization energy of krypton is greater than the first ionization energy of bromine​
4vir4ik [10]

Answer:

The atomic radius of krypton is similar to that of bromine. However, the effective nuclear charge of krypton is greater than that of bromine.

Explanation:

Ionizing an atom require moving an electron from the electron cloud of the atom to a point infinitely far away from the atom. The first ionization energy of this atom is the energy change in this process.

The electron and the nucleus are oppositely-charged. There is an electrostatic force between the two. Removing the electron requires overcoming this attraction. The size of the energy input depends on the electrostatic potential energy of the electron (the gravitational potential energy is much smaller than the electrostatic potential energy.) The separation between the electron and the nucleus is much larger than their radii. Both objects can be considered as point charges. Coulomb's Law gives the electrostatic potential energy of the two point charge that are close to each other.

\displaystyle \text{Electrostatic Potential Energy} = -\frac{k\cdot (q_1\cdot q_2)}{r},

where

  • k is Coulomb's constant,
  • q_1 and q_2 are the two charges, and
  • r is the separation between the two charges.

Krypton and bromine are right next to each other in the same period. Their atomic radii will be similar to each other. The separation r between the outermost electron and the nucleus will also be similar for the two elements.

The first charge q_1 can be the electron. However, data show that for elements after helium, the second charge q_2 is smaller than the sum of charges on all protons in the nucleus. It turns out that the inner shell electrons (all of which are also negative) repel electrons in the outermost valence shell. The effective nuclear charge Z_\text{eff} of a neutral atom is <em>approximately</em> the same as the number of protons minus the number of non-valence electrons. That number will be slightly larger for krypton than for bromine. As a result, the electrostatic potential energy on a 4p (the outermost orbital for both Kr and Br) electron of krypton will be more negative than that on a 4p electron in bromine. Removing that electron will take more energy in Kr than in Br. The first ionization energy of Kr is hence greater than that of Br.

8 0
3 years ago
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Answer:

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Explanation:

Magnets have a north pole ans south pole, so when you put south pole and south pole toghther it creates repulsion, and when you put the north pole and north pole it still creats repulsion, but when a south pole and a north pole are put together it creats attraction, your welcome!

3 0
2 years ago
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