The correct answer is C) Muslim scientists.
The Scientific Revolution of the European Renaissance was a direct result of the influx of discoveries and developments in science and math achieved by Muslim Scholars from Persia and the Arab world. During the golden age of Islam, that encompasses from the 8th century to the 13th century, Muslim scientists, engineers, and philosophers contributed in a great way to the advance of human knowledge. They developed algebra as never before, invented many astronomical instruments to observe and measure the motion of celestial bodies, and their medicine was the most advanced in the world at that moment, counting with large hospitals and using different surgery techniques, orthopedics, and drugs to treat diseases.
After the crusades, European scholars entered in contact with all this knowledge and used it in their advantage. It paved the way for the development of the scientific method which drastically changed the paradigm of knowledge and studying nature. It was the basis for the cultural Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution.
