The limiting reactant is Cl₂ (chlorine).
Explanation:
We have the following chemical reaction:
2 Al (s) + 3 Cl₂ (g) → 2 AlCl₃ (s)
And we start with 2.7 g of Al and 3.12 g of Cl₂.
First we calculate the number of moles of each reactant.
number of moles = mass / molar weight
number of moles of Al = 2.7 / 27 = 0.1 moles
number of moles of Cl₂ = 3.12 / 71 = 0.044 moles
From the chemical reaction we see that 2 moles of Al are reacting with 3 moles of Cl₂ so 0.1 moles of Al are reacting with 0.15 moles of Cl₂ which is a quantity higher than our available one of 0.044 moles of Cl₂. The limiting reactant is Cl₂.
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